Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus | ThermoFlux - 7051
Product Overview
The Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus ThermoFlux - 7051 is a bench-mounted experimental unit for the visual demonstration and quantitative analysis of boiling heat transfer in convective, nucleate, and film boiling modes using R141b as the working fluid. The unit features a thick-walled thermal shock-proof glass cylinder with stainless steel end plates, a 300 W high watt density cartridge heater (effective surface area approximately 13 cm²) with infinitely variable heat input control, and a stainless-steel tube coil condenser of mean surface area approximately 0.032 m². Instrumentation covers heater surface temperature, R141b liquid and vapour temperatures, cooling water inlet and outlet temperatures, chamber pressure (−1 to 4 kg/cm²), water flow rate (0 to 5 lpm), and electrical power input. Safety devices include a high-temperature cut-out (170°C), high-pressure cut-out (2.2 kg/cm²), …
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Technical Specifications
Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus ThermoFlux - 7051, Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Model | ThermoFlux - 7051 |
| Unit Type | Bench-mounted experimental unit |
| Working Fluid | R141b (volatile solvent, low boiling point) |
| Visualisation | Thick-walled thermal shock-proof glass cylinder |
| Heating Element Power | 300 W |
| Heating Element Type | High watt density cartridge heater in thick-walled copper sleeve |
| Effective Heating Surface Area | Approximately 13 cm² |
| Heat Input Control | Variable transformer, infinitely variable |
| Condenser Type | Stainless-steel tube coil |
| Condenser Mean Surface Area | Approximately 0.032 m² |
| Operating Pressure (Experiments) | Up to 2 bar above atmospheric |
| Pressure Gauge Range | −1 to 4 kg/cm² |
| Water Flow Meter Range | 0 to 5 lpm |
| High Temperature Cut-Out | 170°C |
| High Pressure Cut-Out | 2.2 kg/cm² |
| Relief Valve Set Pressure | 2.5 kg/cm² |
Technical Data
Panel
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Construction | High quality epoxy coated frame laminated with Formica |
| Function | Mounts chamber and all instrumentation |
Chamber
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Type | Thick-walled thermal shock-proof glass cylinder |
| End Plates | Stainless steel |
| Contents | Houses heating element and condenser |
Heating Element
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Power | 300 W |
| Type | High watt density cartridge heater |
| Sleeve | Thick-walled copper sleeve (swaged) for uniform surface temperature |
| Effective Heating Surface Area | Approximately 13 cm² |
Variable Transformer
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Function | Infinitely variable heat input to heating element |
Condenser
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | Stainless-steel tube coil |
| Mean Surface Area | Approximately 0.032 m² |
Charging and Drain Valve
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Lower end plate |
| Function | Charging or discharging R141b |
Instrumentation
| Instrument | Parameter Measured |
|---|---|
| Voltage & Current Meter | Electrical input to heating element |
| Temperature Sensors & Indicators | Heater surface temperature; water inlet and outlet temperatures; R141b liquid temperature; R141b vapour temperature |
| Pressure Gauge | Chamber pressure; range −1 to 4 kg/cm² |
| Water Flow Meter | Cooling water flow rate; range 0 to 5 lpm |
Safety Devices
| Device | Setting / Function |
|---|---|
| High Temperature Cut-Out | Interrupts electrical input if heater surface temperature exceeds 170°C; fail-safe on thermocouple disconnection |
| High Pressure Cut-Out | Interrupts electrical input if chamber pressure exceeds 2.2 kg/cm² |
| Relief Valve | Discharges vapour when chamber pressure exceeds 2.5 kg/cm² |
| Electrical Circuit Breaker | Fused circuit and mains switch with indicating lamp |
Key Features
Key Features
- Visualisation: Thick-walled thermal shock-proof glass cylinder with stainless steel end plates enables direct visual observation of all three modes of boiling heat transfer
- Boiling modes demonstrated: Convective boiling, nucleate boiling, and film boiling, all visually observable and quantitatively measurable
- Heating element: 300 W high watt density cartridge heater; swaged into thick-walled copper sleeve for uniform surface temperature; effective heating surface area approximately 13 cm²
- Heat input control: Variable transformer providing infinitely variable electrical input to the heating element
- Working fluid: R141b volatile solvent, low boiling point; charged and discharged via lower end plate valve
- Condenser: Stainless-steel tube coil; mean surface area approximately 0.032 m²; water-cooled for vapour condensation
- Cooling water supply: Via laboratory network or water chiller (not provided); maximum water temperature 16°C
- Pressure measurement: Pressure gauge; range −1 to 4 kg/cm²; monitors chamber pressure during all experiments
- Water flow measurement: Flow meter; range 0 to 5 lpm
- Temperature measurement: Sensors for heater surface, R141b liquid, R141b vapour, and cooling water inlet and outlet temperatures
- Electrical measurement: Voltage and current meters for direct measurement of electrical input to heater
- Operating pressure range: Experiments conducted at pressures up to 2 bar above atmospheric
- Burn Out demonstration: Critical heat flux condition and film boiling onset demonstrated experimentally
- Marcet Boiler function: Unit usable as a Marcet boiler for saturation pressure–temperature relationship of R141b over limited pressure range
- Dalton's Law: Demonstrates Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- Safety, temperature cut-out: High-temperature cut-out at 170°C; fail-safe design active on thermocouple disconnection
- Safety, pressure cut-out: High-pressure cut-out at 2.2 kg/cm² interrupts heater electrical input
- Safety, relief valve: Pressure relief valve discharges vapour at 2.5 kg/cm²
- Safety, circuit breaker: Fused circuit breaker and mains switch fitted with indicating lamp
- Software: Optional ThermoFlux - 7051SW DAQ software developed in National Instruments™ LabVIEW™; compatible with all Windows™ environments
Experiments
- Visual demonstration of convective, nucleate, and film boiling
- Direct measurement of rate of heat transfer, surface temperature, and liquid temperature at pressures up to 2 bar above atmospheric
- Calculation of heat flux and surface heat transfer coefficient in all three modes of boiling
- Production of the following graphs:
- Heat Flux against Temperature Difference
- Heat Transfer Coefficient against Temperature Difference
- Critical Heat Flux against Saturation Pressure
- Demonstration of the "Burn Out" phenomenon, critical heat flux condition and associated dangers at high heat fluxes
- Demonstration of film condensation and determination of overall heat transfer coefficient in a simple water-cooled coil and shell condenser
- Demonstration of the effect of air presence on the rate of heat transfer in a condenser
- Use as a Marcet boiler to provide the saturation pressure–temperature relationship for R141b over a limited pressure range
- Demonstration of Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Construction and Design
The Boiling Heat Transfer Apparatus ThermoFlux - 7051 is built around a thick-walled thermal shock-proof glass cylinder with stainless steel end plates, mounted on a high-quality epoxy-coated frame laminated with Formica. The heating element, a 300 W high watt density cartridge heater swaged into a thick-walled copper sleeve, is positioned at the base of the chamber, immersed in R141b, and delivers a uniform heater surface temperature across approximately 13 cm² of effective heating area. Heat input is regulated by a variable transformer providing infinitely variable control. A stainless-steel tube coil condenser of mean surface area approximately 0.032 m² is located at the top of the chamber for vapour condensation. A charging and drain valve at the lower end plate allows controlled filling and discharge of the working fluid. The instrumentation suite covers all parameters required for boiling heat transfer analysis: voltage and current meters for electrical power input; temperature sensors for heater surface, R141b liquid, R141b vapour, and cooling water inlet and outlet; a pressure gauge (−1 to 4 kg/cm²); and a water flow meter (0 to 5 lpm). The four-layer safety system comprises a high-temperature cut-out (170°C, fail-safe on thermocouple disconnection), a high-pressure cut-out (2.2 kg/cm²), a pressure relief valve (2.5 kg/cm²), and a fused electrical circuit breaker with mains switch and indicating lamp, providing complete protection against overtemperature, overpressure, and electrical fault conditions.
Software
ThermoFlux - 7051 (Optional)
- DAQ software specifically developed for the ThermoFlux - 7051 apparatus
- Developed in the National Instruments™ LabVIEW™ environment
- Measures and calculates results directly from apparatus sensors
- Compatible with all Windows™ operating environments
- When software option is selected, a set of electronic sensors is included
Scope of Delivery
- 1× Experimental unit
- 1× Instruction manual
Standards & Compliance
- Manufactured under ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System
- CE Marking - European Conformity where applicable
- Supplied with calibration certificate, operation manual, and experiment guide
- 12-month manufacturer's warranty (parts & labour from installation)
Ordering & Delivery
- Incoterms: CIF to destination seaport, FOB Mundra/Nhava Sheva, or Ex-Works Ambala
- Lead time: 3–5 weeks production + sea transit to destination
- Payment: LC (Letter of Credit) or T/T bank transfer against proforma invoice
- Documentation: commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin, insurance certificate
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: What boiling modes can be demonstrated and measured on the ThermoFlux - 7051?
The ThermoFlux - 7051 enables visual demonstration and quantitative measurement of all three primary modes of boiling heat transfer: convective boiling, nucleate boiling, and film boiling. Students can observe each mode directly through the thermal shock-proof glass cylinder and calculate the corresponding heat flux and heat transfer coefficients.
Q2: What working fluid does the ThermoFlux - 7051 use, and how is it charged?
The unit uses R141b, a volatile solvent with a low boiling point. R141b is charged into and discharged from the chamber via a charging and drain valve fitted to the lower stainless steel end plate.
Q3: What safety devices are incorporated in the ThermoFlux - 7051?
The unit incorporates four safety devices: a high-temperature cut-out that interrupts heater power if surface temperature exceeds 170°C (fail-safe on thermocouple disconnection); a high-pressure cut-out that interrupts heater power at 2.2 kg/cm²; a pressure relief valve that discharges vapour at 2.5 kg/cm²; and a fused electrical circuit breaker with mains switch and indicating lamp.
Q4: Can the ThermoFlux - 7051 be used for experiments beyond boiling heat transfer?
Yes. The unit can be used as a Marcet boiler to determine the saturation pressure–temperature relationship for R141b over a limited pressure range. It also demonstrates film condensation, the effect of air presence on condenser heat transfer rate, and Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
Q5: Is the DAQ software included as standard with the ThermoFlux - 7051?
No. The ThermoFlux - 7051 DAQ software is an optional accessory developed in the National Instruments™ LabVIEW™ environment. It runs on any Windows™ operating system, and a set of electronic sensors is included when the software option is selected.