Saturation Pressure ThermoFlux – 7069
Product Overview
Saturation Pressure ThermoFlux – 7069 is a bench-top laboratory trainer that demonstrates the relationship between saturation pressure and boiling point temperature of water, combining a Marcet Boiler with a throttling calorimeter and a condensate return pipe loop. Pure water is heated by two variable-power cartridge heaters. A sight glass allows observation of boiling patterns and water level. Saturated steam circulates through a pipe loop (0 to 8 bar gauge) fitted with a K-type thermocouple and an electronic pressure sensor before condensing and returning to the boiler. The throttling calorimeter, connected via a vapour offtake with isolating valve, enables determination of the dryness fraction of wet steam at different operating pressures. A second K-type thermocouple records post-expansion temperature. Three independent safety provisions are included: a mechanical relief valve a…
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Technical Specifications
Saturation Pressure ThermoFlux – 7069: Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Operating Pressure Range | 0 to 8 bar (gauge) |
| Digital Pressure Safety Switches | 8 bar and 8.5 bar (2 digital switches) |
| Mechanical Pressure Safety (Relief Valve) | 10 bar |
| Heating Element | Pair of cartridge heaters with variable power control |
| Temperature Sensors | K-type thermocouples (2 total: loop top limb + post-throttle) |
| Pressure Sensor | Electronic saturation pressure sensor (top limb of pipe loop) |
| Pressure Gauge | Bourdon gauge (remains operational when power is disconnected) |
| Sight Glass | Front-mounted, for observation of boiling patterns and water level |
| Filling Point | Bottom of loop, for filling with pure water |
| Vapour Offtake | With isolating valve, connects to throttling calorimeter |
| Throttling Calorimeter | Included, for dryness fraction determination |
| Pipe Loop | Condensate return from steam back to base of boiler |
| Data Output | USB port for optional PC connection |
| Display | Common digital meter for all sensor readings |
| Electrical Safety | RCD and current protection devices in electrical console |
| Software | Optional DAQ software (National Instruments LabVIEW environment) |
| Software Compatibility | Any Windows environment |
Technical Data
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Operating Pressure | 0 to 8 bar (gauge) |
| Digital Safety Switch 1 | 8 bar |
| Digital Safety Switch 2 | 8.5 bar |
| Mechanical Pressure Relief | 10 bar |
Key Features
Key Features
- Apparatus Type: bench-top saturation pressure and Marcet Boiler equivalent
- Throttling Calorimeter: included for dryness fraction determination of wet steam
- Operating Pressure Range: 0 to 8 bar gauge
- Mechanical Safety Relief Valve: set at 10 bar
- Digital Pressure Safety: 8 bar and 8.5 bar (2 independent digital switches)
- Heating Element: pair of cartridge heaters with variable power control
- Temperature Sensors: 2 x K-type thermocouples: top limb of loop and post-throttle position
- Saturation Pressure Sensor: electronic sensor on top limb of pipe loop
- Bourdon Gauge: remains operational when electrical power is disconnected
- Sight Glass: front-mounted for boiling pattern observation and water level monitoring
- Pipe Loop: returns condensate from saturated steam to base of boiler for reheating
- Filling Point: at base of loop for filling with pure water
- Vapour Offtake: with isolating valve for steam diversion to calorimeter
- Data Output: USB port, all sensor signals routed for optional PC connection
- Display: common digital meter for all sensor readings
- Electrical Console: RCD and current protection devices for operator safety
- Software: optional DAQ software in National Instruments LabVIEW environment, Windows compatible
Experiments
Saturation Loop
- Observation of the patterns of boiling at the surface of the water
- Measurement of the temperature of saturated steam over the range of saturation pressure 0 to 8 bar and comparison of the saturation curves obtained with those published in steam tables
- The concept of a saturation line
- The describing equation and linearisation
- Gauge and absolute pressures
- Temperature scales
- The characteristic behaviour of a two-phase fluid
- The effect of rate of response on the accuracy of measurement
Throttling Calorimeter
- Determination of the condition of wet steam (quality of the steam) produced by the Saturation Pressure Apparatus at different operating pressures
- Use of the steady flow energy equation
- Use of steam tables
- The difference in enthalpy between phases: enthalpy of vaporisation
Thermodynamics
- Understanding saturation curves and the characteristics of a two-phase fluid
- Understanding the origin and use of steam tables
- Using a throttling calorimeter to determine the quality of wet steam
Construction and Design
The Saturation Pressure ThermoFlux – 7069 is a self-contained bench-top unit built around a boiler heated by two cartridge heaters with variable power control.
The boiler incorporates a front-mounted sight glass for direct observation of internal boiling patterns and water level. Saturated steam exits from the top of the boiler and circulates through a closed pipe loop before condensing and returning as condensate to the base of the boiler. The top limb of the loop carries a K-type thermocouple, a temperature sensor, and an electronic saturation pressure sensor.
A vapour offtake on the loop, fitted with an isolating valve, diverts steam to the throttling calorimeter. Steam expands to atmospheric pressure through the calorimeter; a second K-type thermocouple records the post-expansion temperature. A filling point at the base of the loop allows the system to be charged with pure water.
Safety is provided by a pressure relief valve set to 10 bar and by two digital pressure switches at 8 bar and 8.5 bar. A Bourdon gauge provides pressure indication independently of the electrical supply. All electrical components are housed in a dedicated console fitted with an RCD and current protection devices. Sensor outputs feed a common digital meter and are simultaneously routed to a USB port for optional data acquisition.
Software (Optional): ThermoFlux – 7069
DAQ software is specially designed in the National Instruments LabVIEW environment to measure and calculate results from the apparatus. The software is optional. When software is used, a set of electronic sensors is included. The software is compatible with any Windows environment.
Scope of Delivery
- 1 experimental unit
- 1 set of hoses
- 1 measuring beaker
- 1 stop watch
- 1 instruction manual
Optional Accessories
- Parallel interface and educational software package (ThermoFlux – 7069 DAQ software, LabVIEW environment, Windows compatible)
Standards & Compliance
- Manufactured under ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System
- CE Marking - European Conformity where applicable
- Supplied with calibration certificate, operation manual, and experiment guide
- 12-month manufacturer's warranty (parts & labour from installation)
Ordering & Delivery
- Incoterms: CIF to destination seaport, FOB Mundra/Nhava Sheva, or Ex-Works Ambala
- Lead time: 3–5 weeks production + sea transit to destination
- Payment: LC (Letter of Credit) or T/T bank transfer against proforma invoice
- Documentation: commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin, insurance certificate
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What saturation pressure range does the ThermoFlux – 7069 operate over?
A: The unit operates from 0 to 8 bar gauge. A mechanical pressure relief valve is set at 10 bar, and two digital pressure safety switches are set at 8 bar and 8.5 bar.
Q: How is the dryness fraction of wet steam determined using this apparatus?
A: Steam is diverted from the pipe loop through a vapour offtake with an isolating valve into a throttling calorimeter. As steam expands to atmospheric pressure, a K-type thermocouple measures the post-expansion temperature. This data, combined with steam table values, allows calculation of the dryness fraction.
Q: Can saturation curves from this apparatus be compared with steam tables?
A: Yes. Students measure the temperature of saturated steam across the full saturation pressure range of 0 to 8 bar and plot the results. These curves can be directly compared with published steam tables.
Q: Is data logging to a PC possible with the ThermoFlux – 7069?
A: All sensor signals are routed to a USB port. An optional parallel interface and educational DAQ software package, developed in the National Instruments LabVIEW environment, enables PC-based data acquisition. The software runs on any Windows environment.
Q: What safety features are built into the apparatus?
A: The unit has three independent safety provisions: a mechanical pressure relief valve set at 10 bar, two digital pressure safety switches at 8 bar and 8.5 bar, and a Bourdon gauge that remains operational when electrical power is disconnected. The electrical console includes an RCD and current protection devices.