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The Diffusion in Liquids and Gases ReaktiLabX – 01 (CRE-3301) studies microscopic mass transfer of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions occurring through diffusion due to changes in concentration. This Diffusion in Liquids and Gases apparatus includes two experimental devices for studying gas and liquid diffusion. It uses a concentrated salt solution for liquid diffusion and a volatile solvent for gas diffusion studies.
Product Overview
Due to changes in concentration, microscopic mass transfer of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions occurs through diffusion. It is critical to a number of processes. Diffusion, for instance, can assemble the components of chemical reactions, and it sometimes acts as the process’s rate-limiting phase. Two experimental devices for studying gas and liquid diffusion are included with CRE-3301.
A concentrated salt solution is used to study diffusion in liquids. A U-shaped tube holding the solution contains a disc at one end with a number of vertical capillaries. The capillary disc is positioned below the water’s surface when the U tube is submerged in a tank of demineralized water. The salt ions exit the U-tube through the capillaries and into the demineralized water due to the concentration difference between the water and the solution. The ions only flow in one dimension due to the capillaries. The presence of a stirrer in the tank prevents concentration variations in the tank by preventing the salt concentration from rising close to the disc. The amount of salt in the tank is measured using a conductivity meter.
A very volatile solvent is used to study diffusion in gases on this Diffusion in Liquids and Gases apparatus. A vertical tube containing the solvent is submerged in a hot water bath. The solvent evaporates as a result of the water bath’s thermal energy. At the tube’s upper end, an air flow created by a fan travels horizontally. Due to the concentration gradient from the liquid solvent’s surface up to the flow of pure air, the gaseous solvent diffuses. The solvent molecules are carried away by the air flow, maintaining a constant concentration at the tube’s upper end. Over time, the liquid solvent in the tube loses volume. It is possible to determine the level using a scale microscope. The temperature in the water bath is controlled by a heater.
The Diffusion in Liquids ReaktiLabX – 02 studies microscopic mass transfer of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions occurring through diffusion due to changes in concentration. This Diffusion in Liquids apparatus uses a concentrated salt solution and a U-shaped tube with capillaries to study diffusion behavior. Diffusion is critical to a number of processes, including assembling the components of chemical reactions.
Product Overview
Due to changes in concentration, microscopic mass transfer of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions occurs through diffusion. It is critical to a number of processes. Diffusion, for instance, can assemble the components of chemical reactions, and it sometimes acts as the process’s rate-limiting phase. This Diffusion in Liquids apparatus has a feature for diffusion in liquids.
A concentrated salt solution is used to study diffusion in liquids. A U-shaped tube holding the solution contains a disc at one end with a number of vertical capillaries. The disc with the capillaries is positioned below the water’s surface by submerging the U-tube into a tank filled with demineralized water. The salt ions are produced by the concentration gradient between the solution and the water.
The ions only flow in one dimension thanks to the capillaries. The presence of a stirrer in the tank prevents concentration variations in the tank by preventing the salt concentration from rising close to the disc. The amount of salt in the tank is measured using a conductivity meter.
The Gaseous Diffusion Apparatus ReaktiLabX – 03 studies the microscopic transport of particles including atoms, molecules, and ions through diffusion due to changes in concentrations. This Gaseous Diffusion Apparatus uses a very volatile solvent in a hot water bath, with a vertical tube submerged to allow evaporation and diffusion. It measures diffusion coefficients using a height-adjustable microscope and controlled airflow.
Product Overview
Due to changes in concentrations, the process of diffusion involves the microscopic transport of particles including atoms, molecules, and ions. It is critical to a number of processes. Diffusion, for instance, has the ability to combine various reactants in chemical reactions.
The Gaseous Diffusion Apparatus includes a hot water bath and other components, and uses a very volatile solvent. A vertical tube containing the solvent is submerged in a water bath. The solvent evaporates as a result of the water bath’s thermal energy. At the tube’s upper end, an air flow created by a fan travels horizontally. Due to the concentration gradient from the liquid solvent’s surface up to the flow of pure air, the gaseous solvent diffuses. The solvent molecules are carried away by the air flow, maintaining a constant concentration at the tube’s upper end. Over time, the liquid solvent in the tube loses volume. It is possible to determine the level using a scale microscope. The temperature in the water bath is controlled by a heater.
The Corrosion Study Unit ReaktiLabX – 04 enables the simultaneous investigation of a number of variables that affect corrosion processes. This Corrosion Study Unit uses eight glass jars to compare various materials in a variety of settings, with samples submerged in the necessary electrolyte solution. It supports studies of sacrificial anodes, local components, and external voltage effects on corrosion.
Product Overview
The economic and technical costs of corrosion damage to metallic components are significant. This means that the topic of corrosion and corrosion protection is crucial to technical education. The equipment enables the simultaneous investigation of a number of variables that affect corrosion processes. This can be accomplished with eight glass jars. They enable the comparison of various materials in a variety of settings. We fill the jars with the necessary electrolyte solution.
Each vessel’s lid can hold up to six samples, which are then submerged in the solution. In order to study the concept of sacrificial anodes and local components, specimens might be connected to an electrical conductor. A connection to an external voltage is possible with an adjustable power supply on this Corrosion Study Unit.
This reverses the flow of precious and common metals in the local elements. The more basic metals corrode at a slower rate as a result. Whenever necessary, a pump introduces ambient air into the electrolyte solution. Each vessel’s gas flow rate can be customized using flow control valves. Additionally, additional gases from the lab may be injected into the electrolyte solution. The impact of the electrolyte solution on corrosion processes can be researched and compared using a pH meter.
The Fixed Bed Catalysis Apparatus ReaktiLabX – 05 enables chemical reactions to be accelerated by catalysts, studying the breakdown reaction of dissolved saccharose into glucose and fructose. This Fixed Bed Catalysis Apparatus moves the reactant from a tank into the reactor’s bottom via peristaltic pump, passing it through a permanent catalyst bed. It allows comparison of different catalysts using three reactors.
Product Overview
Chemical reactions can be enabled or accelerated by catalysts. The breakdown reaction of dissolved saccharose in glucose and fructose is the intended use of the Fixed Bed Catalysis Apparatus ReaktiLabX – 05.
The reactant (saccharose solution) is moved from a tank into the reactor’s bottom by a peristaltic pump. In the reactor, the catalyst appears as a permanent bed. The fixed bed is passed through by the saccharose solution. Saccharose breaks down into glucose and fructose during the process. The catalyst quickens the process, resulting in a higher yield of the finished product (a glucose/fructose mixture). In a tank, the product is collected.
It is possible to compare different catalysts using three reactors on this Fixed Bed Catalysis Apparatus. Exchanger resin is employed as the chemical catalyst. The biological catalyst invertase comes highly recommended. A controlled heating water circuit also makes it possible to examine how temperature affects the reaction.
A photometer that has been specially designed for the unit is provided to measure the amount of glucose present in the product. The photometer data are uploaded to a PC where software evaluates them (optional).
The Tubular Flow Reactor ReaktiLabX – 06 is a continuously running reactor that makes it possible to produce goods in big volumes and at a constant level of quality. This Tubular Flow Reactor lets users examine reactor behavior and operation using a heating water circuit, pumps, and reactant and product tanks. Silicon pipe connections make it simple to connect the reactor.
Product Overview
Continuously running reactors are tubular reactors. They make it possible to produce goods in big volumes and at a constant level of quality. This device series that enables research with various reactor types includes the Tubular Flow Reactor ReaktiLabX – 06. A tubular reactor can have its behavior and operation examined. The apparatus includes a heating water circuit in addition to all required connections, pumps, reactant and product tanks, and tanks for reactants.
Silicon pipe connections make it simple to connect the reactor. The reactants are delivered into the reactor individually through each nozzle by the two pumps of the supply unit. The two reactants are combined in the T piece’s center thanks to the placement of the nozzle outlets. The two reactants are introduced into the mixture, which then enters the concentric tube. After leaving the tube, the combination of product and unconverted reactants is carried into a tank. The speed of the pumps is used to modify the reactant retention period in the tubular reactor.
The water bath also houses the tube. The user may see how temperature affects the reaction because the water bath is connected to the heating water circuit. The conductivity is measured to ascertain the conversion in the tubular reactor. Included is a conductivity/temperature combination sensor. Temperature and conductivity are digitally shown. Additionally, data capture software can record and process the measured quantities (optional).
The Service Unit for Chemical Reactors ReaktiLabX – 07 is the supply unit for six separate reactors, providing the core support infrastructure for a chemical production facility. This Service Unit for Chemical Reactors mounts the reactor under study using two pins, with hydraulic hoses linking the reactor and supply unit together for simple installation. It regulates temperature, pumps reactants, and monitors conductivity across different reactor types.
Product Overview
The core component of a chemical production facility is the reactor. The reactants, or initial chemicals, interact in the reactor to create a new substance (product). The conditions for the best possible reaction process must be ensured by the reactor. The reactor’s temperature is the main issue here. Depending on the needs, various reactor types are utilized.
The Service Unit for Chemical Reactors ReaktiLabX – 07 is the supply unit for six separate reactors. The supply unit has the reactor to be studied mounted on it, and it is secured in place by two pins. Two reactant tanks are set up on the trainer to allow the reactors to run continuously. Hydraulic hoses link the reactor and supply unit together. For simple installation, the hoses have rapid release couplings.
The two reactants are pumped into the reactor using two pumps. The pump speed can be changed to change how long the reactants remain in the reactor. The reactants in the reactor combine to create the final product. For the product, an additional tank and pump are provided. To regulate the temperature of the reactor, the supply unit has a heating water circuit with a pump, tank, and heater. A sensor that measures temperature and conductivity simultaneously is used in the reactor. The stirrers in the various reactors can be started using the controls found in the switch cabinet.
The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ReaktiLabX – 08 studies the operation and behavior of a stirred tank reactor in both continuous and discontinuous operation. This Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor attaches to a supply unit and is secured in place by two pins, using quick-release connections for fast installation. It provides for the dependable manufacture of substantial amounts of consistent-quality output.
Product Overview
The operation of stirred tank reactors can be either continuous or intermittent. Discontinuously operated stirred tank reactors are typically employed when the reaction rates are extremely slow or the product amounts to be produced are minimal. Continuous stirred tank reactors provide for the dependable manufacture of substantial amounts of consistent-quality output.
This equipment series that enables research with various reactor types includes the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ReaktiLabX – 08. It is possible to study the operation and behavior of a stirred tank reactor in both continuous and discontinuous operation using the supply unit. The supply unit is equipped with a heating water circuit, all required connections, pumps, reactant tanks, and a product tank. The reactor is attached to the supply unit and secured in place by two pins. The reactor may be quickly and easily connected to the supply unit using quick-release connections.
Two pumps on the supply unit continuously feed the reactants into the reactor. By ensuring a homogenous mixture, a stirrer extends the amount of time that the reactants are in direct contact. The reactants react to create the product. Through an overflow, the combination of product and unconverted reactants is transferred into a tank of the supply unit. The overflow might vary in height. As a result, the reactor volume can be changed. By varying the speed of the pumps on the supply unit, the retention duration of the reactants in the reactor can be changed. The stirred tank reactor’s chambered bottom acts as a heat exchanger to analyse how temperature affects the process.
By measuring the conductivity, the conversion in the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor is identified. It comes with a conductivity/temperature combination sensor. On the supply unit, conductivity and temperature are digitally shown.
The Discontinuous Stirred Tank Reactor ReaktiLabX – 17 is typically employed when reaction rates are extremely slow or product amounts to be produced are small. This Discontinuous Stirred Tank Reactor attaches to the supply unit and is secured in place by two pins, connecting via quick-release connections. It studies the behavior and operation of a discontinuous stirred tank reactor as a complete, self-contained batch type unit.
Product Overview
Discontinuously operated stirred tank reactors are typically employed when the reaction rates are extremely slow or the product amounts to be produced are small. A gadget series that enables research with several reactor types includes this small batch reactor. A discontinuous stirred tank reactor’s behavior and operation can be studied. The apparatus includes a heating water circuit in addition to all required connections, pumps, reactant and product tanks, and tanks for reactants. The reactor is attached to the device and secured in place by two pins. The reactor and the unit can be connected via quick-release connections.
In the beginning of the unit, the reactants are preheated. Transfers of the reactants into the stirred tank reactor follow. By ensuring a homogenous mixture, a stirrer extends the amount of time that the reactants are in direct contact. In an isothermal operation, this Discontinuous Stirred Tank Reactor’s chambered bottom acts as a heat exchanger to study how temperature affects the reaction. By measuring the conductivity, the conversion in the stirred tank reactor is identified. The item comes with a conductivity/temperature sensor that works together. Temperature and conductivity are digitally shown on the unit’s switch cabinet.
The Stirred Tanks in Series ReaktiLabX – 09 connects continuous stirred tank reactors in series, providing higher conversion compared to a single stirred tank reactor. This Stirred Tanks in Series system allows variable process control, since each individual reactor’s temperature and retention duration may be customized. It mounts on the supply unit, secured in place by two pins, using quick-release connections.
Product Overview
Stirred tanks in series are continuous stirred tank reactors that are connected in series, as the name implies. Compared to a single stirred tank reactor, they provide a higher conversion. Stirred tanks in series allow for variable process control because each individual reactor’s temperature and retention duration may be customized.
This equipment series that enables research with various reactor types includes the Stirred Tanks in Series ReaktiLabX – 09. The operation and behavior of stirred tanks in series can be examined in conjunction with the supply unit CRE-3305. The supply unit CRE-3305 is equipped with a heating water circuit, all required connections, pumps, reactant tanks, and a product tank. The supply unit is used to mount the reactor, which is secured in place by two pins. The reactor may be quickly and easily connected to the supply unit using quick-release connections.
Two pumps from the supply unit transport the reactants into the first reactor during continuous three-stage operation. By ensuring a homogenous mixture, a stirrer extends the amount of time that the reactants are in direct contact. The reactants react to create the product. The mixture of product and unconverted reactants is transferred into two more, similar reactors one after the other after leaving the reactor by an overflow. The supply unit’s additional two peristaltic pumps are used for the intermediate delivery. The transfer takes place in a tank of the supply unit after the third reactor.
By varying the speed of the pumps on the supply unit, the retention duration of the reactants in the reactor can be changed. By measuring the conductivity, the conversions in each reactor are identified. Included is a conductivity/temperature combination sensor. On the supply unit, conductivity and temperature are digitally shown.
The Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) ReaktiLabX – 10 is a continually operated tubular reactor with plug flow, enabling analysis of chemical processes under predetermined circumstances. This Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) mounts on the supply unit and is secured in place by two pins, connecting via quick-release connections. It uses a glass sphere fixed bed to create flow across the reactor’s whole cross-section.
Product Overview
Tubular reactors with plug flow are continually operated. They enable the analysis of chemical processes under predetermined circumstances. The gadget series that enables research with various reactor types includes the ReaktiLabX – 10. It is possible to analyze the operation and behavior of a Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) while it is running continuously by using the supply unit ReaktiLabX – 10.
The supply unit CRE-3305 is equipped with a heating water circuit, all required connections, pumps, reactant tanks, and a product tank. The reactors may alternatively be cooled in conjunction with a Water Chiller (separately offered) and the supply unit RE-3305.
The supply unit is used to mount and secure the reactor, which is kept in place by two pins. The reactor may be quickly and easily connected to the supply unit using quick-release connections. Two pumps on the supply unit continuously feed the reactants into the reactor. The glass sphere fixed bed creates a flow across the reactor’s whole cross-section. The reactants react to create the product.
Through the upper end of the reactor, the combination of product and unconverted reactants is released. Through the use of an additional peristaltic pump, the mixture is moved into a tank of the supply unit. By varying the speed of the pumps on the supply unit, the retention duration of the reactants in the reactor can be changed. By measuring the conductivity, the conversion in this Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) is ascertained. It comes with a conductivity/temperature combination sensor. On the supply unit, conductivity and temperature are digitally shown.
The Tubular Reactor ReaktiLabX – 11 is a continuously running reactor that makes it possible to produce goods in big volumes and at a constant level of quality. This Tubular Reactor mounts on the supply unit and is secured in place by two pins, connecting via quick-release connections. It uses a helical tube reactor with preheated reactants combined at a T-piece.
Product Overview
Continuously running reactors are tubular reactors. They make it possible to produce goods in big volumes and at a constant level of quality.
This equipment series that enables research with various reactor types includes the Tubular Reactor ReaktiLabX – 11. Examining the operation and behavior of a tubular reactor is possible in conjunction with the supply unit ReaktiLabX 11. The supply unit ReaktiLabX 11 is equipped with a heating water circuit, all required connections, pumps, reactant tanks, and a product tank.
The supply unit is used to mount the reactor, which is secured in place by two pins. The reactor may be quickly and easily connected to the supply unit using quick-release connections. The reactants are delivered into the reactor individually through each nozzle by the two pumps of the supply unit.
The two reactants are combined in the T-center pieces due to the placement of the nozzle outlets. The two reactants are introduced into the mixture, which then enters the helical tube. After leaving the tube, the combination of product and unconverted reactants is carried into a tank of the supply unit.
By varying the speed of the pumps on the supply unit, the retention duration of the reactants in the tubular reactor can be changed. The water bath also houses the tube. The supply unit’s heating water circuit is connected to the water bath, allowing the user to test the effect of temperature on the response.
The conductivity is measured to ascertain the conversion in this Tubular Reactor. It has a conductivity/temperature sensor that is combined. Temperature and conductivity are digitally shown.