Scientico manufactures orifice and mouthpiece apparatus used in undergraduate fluid mechanics laboratories to determine the coefficient of contraction (Cc), coefficient of velocity (Cv) and coefficient of discharge (Cd) for sharp-edged orifices and external and internal (Borda) mouthpieces. Each unit combines a constant-head supply tank, interchangeable orifice/mouthpiece inserts, a jet trajectory measuring assembly and a volumetric collecting tank so students can compute Cd from actual discharge, Cv from the jet trajectory and Cc from the ratio Cc = Cd / Cv. The apparatus is built to order in Ambala, India, and exported worldwide on CIF terms.
This page sits inside our Fluid Mechanics range and covers the discharge-through-small-openings family of experiments. The governing relation demonstrated on every unit is the theoretical velocity Vth = √(2gH) at the vena contracta, with actual discharge Qact = Cd · A · √(2gH), where A is the geometric opening area in m², H is the constant head in metres and g is 9.81 m/s².
Products in this range
- FluidoSurge OM-200 Orifice & Mouthpiece Apparatus, constant-head tank with four interchangeable brass inserts (two orifices, one external, one internal mouthpiece) and hook-gauge trajectory bridge.
- FluidoSurge OM-200H Hydraulic Coefficients Bench, larger bench version with recirculating sump, monoblock pump and clear acrylic head tank for jet visualisation.
- FluidoSurge OMD-300 Discharge Through Orifice Unit, dedicated Cd determination unit with variable head arrangement for falling-head experiments.
- FluidoSurge VJ-150 Vena Contracta Study Apparatus, micrometer contraction-diameter gauge for direct Cc measurement at the jet.
- FluidoSurge BM-180 Borda’s Mouthpiece Unit, re-entrant internal mouthpiece assembly for theoretical Cc = 0.5 verification.
- FluidoSurge CV-250 Convergent-Divergent Mouthpiece Set, add-on insert set covering convergent, divergent and convergent-divergent profiles.
- FluidoSurge HB-400 Hydraulics Teaching Bench, universal service bench that accepts the OM, VJ and BM modules on a common sump.
Typical experiments demonstrated
- Cd of a sharp-edged orifice under constant head, maintain steady head H, collect a measured volume of water in time t, and compute Cd = Qact / (A · √(2gH)).
- Cv by jet trajectory method, measure horizontal distance x and vertical fall y of the free jet; Cv = x / √(4yH).
- Cc from Cd and Cv, combine the two experiments above using Cc = Cd / Cv, and cross-check against direct micrometer measurement at the vena contracta.
- Comparison of orifice vs external mouthpiece, repeat the discharge test with an external cylindrical mouthpiece of the same bore and compare Cd values (typically higher for the mouthpiece due to re-attachment).
- Borda’s (internal) mouthpiece running free and running full, verify the classical theoretical Cc = 0.5 for a re-entrant mouthpiece running free.
- Time of emptying a tank through an orifice, falling-head experiment to determine drainage time and back-calculate Cd.
Key specifications you should ask for
| Parameter | Typical range |
|---|---|
| Constant-head supply tank capacity | 40–80 litres, transparent acrylic |
| Collecting/measuring tank | 40–100 litres with piezometric level tube and drain valve |
| Sump tank (bench versions) | 150–250 litres, stainless or FRP |
| Interchangeable insert bore diameters | 10 mm and 15 mm standard; other sizes on request |
| Insert material | Machined brass, sharp-edged orifice + cylindrical mouthpieces |
| Operating head range | Adjustable up to approximately 500 mm on the head tank |
| Supply pump (bench versions) | Monoblock centrifugal, 0.5 HP, single-phase 220 V / 50 Hz (or 110 V / 60 Hz on request) |
| Jet trajectory frame | Hook-and-point gauge, horizontal and vertical scales, least count 1 mm |
| Frame | Powder-coated MS with stainless fasteners |
| Overall footprint | Approx. 1200 × 750 × 1400 mm (bench model) |
Exact dimensions, insert sizes and voltage are configured to the buyer’s syllabus and mains supply; confirm on the quotation.
Applications
These units are specified for fluid mechanics and hydraulics laboratory courses in B.Tech Mechanical, B.Tech Civil, B.Tech Chemical and B.Tech Agricultural Engineering, diploma polytechnic programmes in mechanical and civil engineering, and ITI hydraulics practicals. They are also used in vocational training centres and technical teacher training institutes for demonstration of discharge coefficients and jet mechanics.
Standards & compliance
Scientico is an ISO 9001:2015 quality-management-system certified manufacturer, and its teaching equipment carries CE marking for export. The orifice and mouthpiece range is designed around the standard undergraduate syllabus for hydraulic coefficients (constant-head and falling-head methods), and the definitions of Cc, Cv and Cd used on the supplied experiment manual follow the conventions in standard fluid-mechanics references. Materials of construction (brass inserts, transparent acrylic tanks, stainless fasteners, powder-coated MS frame) are selected for clean-water laboratory service.
Ordering & delivery
Orders are typically quoted CIF to the buyer’s nearest seaport, though FOB Nhava Sheva / Mundra and Ex-Works Ambala terms are also available on request. Air freight to the nearest international airport can be arranged for smaller consignments and urgent academic-year deliveries. Lead time is an estimate and depends on order size, insert configuration and current production load; indicative build time for a standard OM-200 unit is 3–5 weeks from advance payment, plus ocean transit. Packing is heat-treated seaworthy wooden crates with fumigation certificate where the destination requires it. Documentation supplied with every shipment includes the packing list, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, ISO 9001:2015 and CE declarations, an English-language experiment manual with sample calculations, and an installation and commissioning guide.
Payment is normally 50% advance by wire transfer with the balance against scanned shipping documents; irrevocable LC at sight is accepted for institutional buyers. For a specification-matched, freight-inclusive quotation, share your syllabus or tender specification and destination port.
See all Fluid Mechanics products →
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between an orifice and a mouthpiece?
An orifice is a sharp-edged opening in the side or bottom of a tank; a mouthpiece is a short tube (length roughly 2 to 3 times the diameter) fitted to that opening. The mouthpiece allows the jet to re-attach after the vena contracta, which typically raises the coefficient of discharge above that of a plain orifice.
What are the typical theoretical values of Cc, Cv and Cd for a sharp-edged orifice?
For a sharp-edged circular orifice under a constant head, textbook values are approximately Cc = 0.61 to 0.69, Cv = 0.95 to 0.99 and Cd = 0.60 to 0.65. Measured values on the apparatus should fall in these bands; Cd for an external cylindrical mouthpiece is typically higher, and Cc for a Borda mouthpiece running free is theoretically 0.5.
How is the coefficient of velocity determined on this apparatus?
By the jet trajectory method. With a constant head H, the horizontal distance x and vertical fall y of the free jet are measured using the hook-and-point gauge; Cv is then calculated as Cv = x divided by the square root of (4 y H).
Do you supply the apparatus with a pump and sump, or only the head tank?
Both configurations are offered. The gravity-fed OM-200 uses an overhead constant-head tank fed from the laboratory supply; the OM-200H bench version includes a sump, 0.5 HP monoblock pump and recirculation piping. Voltage and frequency are configured to your mains supply.
Which standards and certifications apply?
Scientico is ISO 9001:2015 certified and the teaching equipment carries CE marking for export. The experiment procedures follow the standard undergraduate hydraulic-coefficients syllabus used in Indian and international engineering programmes.
What is the lead time and how do I get a CIF quote?
Indicative build time for a standard unit is 3 to 5 weeks from advance payment, plus ocean transit to your port. Share your syllabus or tender specification, required insert diameters, mains voltage and destination seaport, and we will send a freight-inclusive CIF quotation on WhatsApp or email.
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