Diffusion in Liquids and Gases | ReaktiLabX – 01
The Diffusion in Liquids and Gases ReaktiLabX – 01 studies mass transfer through diffusion in both liquid and gas phases. This Diffusion in Liquids and Gases apparatus uses a U-tube with capillaries and conductivity meter for liquid diffusion, and a heated diffusion tube with microscope monitoring for gas diffusion. It supports determination of diffusion coefficients based on Fick’s law across both experimental setups. Optional DAQ software enables measurement and calculation of results.
The Diffusion in Liquids and Gases ReaktiLabX – 01 (CRE-3301) studies microscopic mass transfer of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions occurring through diffusion due to changes in concentration. This Diffusion in Liquids and Gases apparatus includes two experimental devices for studying gas and liquid diffusion. It uses a concentrated salt solution for liquid diffusion and a volatile solvent for gas diffusion studies.
Product Overview
Due to changes in concentration, microscopic mass transfer of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions occurs through diffusion. It is critical to a number of processes. Diffusion, for instance, can assemble the components of chemical reactions, and it sometimes acts as the process’s rate-limiting phase. Two experimental devices for studying gas and liquid diffusion are included with CRE-3301.
A concentrated salt solution is used to study diffusion in liquids. A U-shaped tube holding the solution contains a disc at one end with a number of vertical capillaries. The capillary disc is positioned below the water’s surface when the U tube is submerged in a tank of demineralized water. The salt ions exit the U-tube through the capillaries and into the demineralized water due to the concentration difference between the water and the solution. The ions only flow in one dimension due to the capillaries. The presence of a stirrer in the tank prevents concentration variations in the tank by preventing the salt concentration from rising close to the disc. The amount of salt in the tank is measured using a conductivity meter.
A very volatile solvent is used to study diffusion in gases on this Diffusion in Liquids and Gases apparatus. A vertical tube containing the solvent is submerged in a hot water bath. The solvent evaporates as a result of the water bath’s thermal energy. At the tube’s upper end, an air flow created by a fan travels horizontally. Due to the concentration gradient from the liquid solvent’s surface up to the flow of pure air, the gaseous solvent diffuses. The solvent molecules are carried away by the air flow, maintaining a constant concentration at the tube’s upper end. Over time, the liquid solvent in the tube loses volume. It is possible to determine the level using a scale microscope. The temperature in the water bath is controlled by a heater.
Diffusion in Liquids and Gases ReaktiLabX – 01 — Technical Specifications
| Specification | Detail |
|---|---|
| Study Scope | Investigation of diffusion in liquids and gases |
| Liquid Diffusion Setup | Transparent tank with magnetic stirrer, conductivity meter, and U-tube with capillaries |
| Gas Diffusion Setup | Evaporation of a highly volatile solvent with a diffusion tube in a heated water bath |
| Gas Removal | Removal of gaseous solvent at the upper end of the diffusion tube with a fan |
| Temperature Control | Heater with controller and sensor for adjusting the temperature in the water bath |
| Volume Monitoring | Height-adjustable microscope for monitoring and determining the solvent volume in the diffusion tube |
| Control Unit | Separate display and control unit contains temperature controller and fan |
Technical Data
Tank with Stirrer
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Capacity | approx. 6000mL |
Magnetic Stirrer
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Speed stirrer | 0~500rpm |
| Magnetic stirrer bar | 1 |
Heater
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Heater Power | approx. 300W |
Diffusion Tube for Liquid Diffusion
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | U-Tube |
| Capillaries | 250~300 |
| Diameter | 1mm |
| Length | 5~8mm |
Measuring Ranges
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 100~400°C |
| Conductivity | 0~200mS/cm |
Conductivity Meter
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Range | 0~2000uS/cm |
| Graduation | 1uS/cm |
Diffusion Tube for Gaseous Diffusion
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Diameter | 4mm |
| Length | 100mm |
| Fan | 120~320L/h |
Microscope
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Scale division | 0.1mm |
Key Features
- Liquid Diffusion Setup: transparent tank, magnetic stirrer, conductivity meter, U-tube with capillaries
- Gas Diffusion Setup: diffusion tube in heated water bath with volatile solvent
- Tank Capacity: approx. 6000mL
- Magnetic Stirrer: speed 0~500rpm, single stir bar
- Heater: approx. 300W power
- Liquid Diffusion Tube: U-Tube type, 250~300 capillaries, 1mm diameter, 5~8mm length
- Gas Diffusion Tube: 4mm diameter, 100mm length, fan flow 120~320L/h
- Conductivity Meter: range 0~2000uS/cm, 1uS/cm graduation
- Microscope: 0.1mm scale division, height-adjustable, central to volume monitoring on this Diffusion in Liquids and Gases apparatus
- Software: optional DAQ software for measurement and calculation
Experiments
- Fundamentals of diffusion: Fick’s law
- Derivation of the calculation formula for the diffusion coefficients for the given experimental conditions
- Determination of the diffusion coefficient for the mass transport in gas
- Determination of the diffusion coefficient for the mass transport in liquid
Construction and Design
The Diffusion in Liquids and Gases ReaktiLabX – 01 includes a transparent tank, approximately 6000mL capacity, fitted with a magnetic stirrer operating at 0 to 500rpm with a single stirrer bar, and a conductivity meter ranged 0 to 2000uS/cm with 1uS/cm graduation. A U-tube with 250 to 300 capillaries, 1mm in diameter and 5 to 8mm in length, holds the salt solution for liquid diffusion studies. For gas diffusion, a diffusion tube 4mm in diameter and 100mm in length is submerged in a heated water bath, with a heater rated approximately 300W. A fan, with flow rated 120 to 320L/h, removes gaseous solvent at the tube’s upper end. A height-adjustable microscope, with a scale division of 0.1mm, monitors solvent volume in the diffusion tube. A separate display and control unit houses the temperature controller and fan controls.
Software
Software ReaktiLabX 01 (optional). DAQ software specially designed in National Instrument™, LABVIEW™ environment to measure and calculate the results of the apparatus. The software is optional; a set of electronic sensors is included when the software is used. The software can be run with any Windows™ environment.
Scope of Delivery
- 1 experimental unit
- 1 display and control unit
- 1 conductivity meter
- 1 microscope
- 1 magnetic stirrer with 1 magnetic stir bar
- 1 stopwatch
- 1 set of instructional material
Q: What is the Diffusion in Liquids and Gases ReaktiLabX – 01 used for?
A: It is used to study diffusion in both liquids and gases, determining diffusion coefficients for mass transport based on Fick’s law.
Q: How is diffusion studied in liquids on this apparatus?
A: A concentrated salt solution flows from a U-tube with capillaries into demineralized water, with the salt concentration measured using a conductivity meter.
Q: How is diffusion studied in gases on this apparatus?
A: A volatile solvent evaporates in a heated water bath, with the gaseous solvent diffusing into an air flow created by a fan, and the liquid solvent volume monitored using a microscope.
Q: Is data acquisition software available with this system?
A: Yes, Software ReaktiLabX 01 is available as an optional add-on, designed in National Instrument™ LABVIEW™ environment, and can run with any Windows™ environment.
Q: What is the capacity of the tank used for liquid diffusion?
A: The tank has a capacity of approximately 6000mL.
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