Drum Friction Apparatus FX-520 | SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics

Drum Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-520

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-520 Drum Friction Apparatus is a bench-top experimental unit for the investigation of drum brake friction using a single pivoted shoe inside a plain aluminium drum of 130 mm internal diameter. Calibrated dead weights applied to two independent cord-and-hanger systems control the braking load on the shoe and the torque applied to the drum separately. Students record the torque hanger load required to rotate the drum at near-constant speed across a range of braking load increments, construct a tangential force versus braking load graph, and derive the coefficient of friction directly from its slope. Leading shoe and trailing shoe behaviours are compared by reversing the direction of drum rotation — requiring no component changes. The apparatus directly simulates the operating principle of a real single-shoe drum brake system. Supplied complete with brake drum, brake shoe, two weight sets, two hangers, and thread. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

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Category Forces and Friction

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-520 Drum Friction Apparatus is a bench-top experimental unit for the investigation of friction in a drum brake system using a single pivoted brake shoe. Students determine the relationship between the braking load applied to the shoe and the tangential force generated at the drum surface, derive the coefficient of friction between the aluminium drum and the brake shoe material, and compare the behaviour of the brake shoe as a leading shoe and as a trailing shoe by reversing the direction of drum rotation. The apparatus directly simulates the operating principle of a real drum brake system and uses calibrated dead weights applied via cord and hanger to control both drum torque and braking load. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, the FX-521 is suitable for supply to engineering institutions and distributors worldwide.

Product Overview

Drum brakes are widely used in automotive and industrial applications. Their performance depends critically on the coefficient of friction between the brake shoe lining and the drum surface, and on whether the shoe is configured as a leading shoe or a trailing shoe relative to the direction of drum rotation. A leading shoe is one whose pivot geometry causes the friction force to draw the shoe tighter against the drum as braking load increases — producing a self-energising or servo effect that amplifies the braking force beyond the directly applied load. A trailing shoe exhibits the opposite behaviour, with friction tending to push the shoe away from the drum, requiring higher applied loads to achieve the same braking torque. The FX-520 allows both behaviours to be demonstrated and compared within the same apparatus simply by reversing the direction of drum rotation.

The apparatus consists of a plain aluminium drum of 130 mm internal diameter, machined to a precise surface finish. A cord is wound around the drum perimeter and connected to a torque hanger. By adding calibrated weights to this hanger, a known torque is applied to the drum, tending to rotate it. Inside the drum, a single brake shoe is mounted on a pivot and connected via a separate cord to a braking load hanger. As weights are added to the braking load hanger, the shoe is pressed against the inner drum surface, generating a friction force that opposes drum rotation. The student adds weights to the torque hanger until the drum rotates at near-constant speed, establishing the relationship between the torque-producing tangential force and the applied braking load at that condition.

By recording the torque hanger load and the braking load hanger load at successive braking load increments, students construct a tangential force versus braking load graph. The slope of this graph gives the coefficient of friction directly. Repeating the experiment with the drum torque cord rewound in the opposite direction reverses the sense of rotation, converting the leading shoe configuration to a trailing shoe configuration, allowing the characteristic difference in braking behaviour between the two to be clearly observed and quantified.

Parameter	Specification
Model	FrixoDynamics FX-520
Drum Internal Diameter	130 mm
Drum Material	Plain aluminium
Brake Shoe Configuration	Single pivoted shoe
Torque Application	Cord wound on drum perimeter, dead weights on hanger
Braking Load Application	Cord connected to brake shoe, dead weights on hanger
Leading/Trailing Shoe Transition	Reversal of drum rotation direction
Weight Set	5 x 5 N, 4 x 2 N, 4 x 1 N, 2 x 0.5 N, 1 x 1 N hanger, 1 x 0.5 N hanger
Hangers	2
Scope of Delivery	1 experimental unit, 1 brake drum, 1 brake shoe, 2 sets of weights, 2 hangers, 1 thread

Key Features

Single pivoted brake shoe inside a 130 mm internal diameter plain aluminium drum for realistic drum brake simulation
Direct comparison of leading shoe and trailing shoe braking behaviour by reversal of drum rotation direction — no reconfiguration of components required
Torque and braking load both applied via cord and dead weight hangers for independent, precise control of each variable
Tangential force versus braking load graph directly yields the coefficient of friction between drum and shoe
Two independent weight sets and hangers allow torque and braking load to be varied simultaneously without weight transfer between hangers
Compact bench-top design — self-contained, no power supply required
Simulates the operating principle of a real single-shoe drum brake in a safe, controllable laboratory format
Calibrated weight set with denominations from 0.5 N to 5 N for fine incremental braking load variation

Applications

Experimental determination of the variation of tangential force with braking load in a drum brake system
Determination of the coefficient of friction between an aluminium drum and a brake shoe
Comparison of leading shoe and trailing shoe braking characteristics
Demonstration of the self-energising effect in leading shoe brake configurations
Study of the relationship between applied braking load, drum torque, and friction force
Undergraduate laboratory practicals in machine elements, tribology, mechanical engineering design, and applied mechanics
Supplementary demonstration for courses covering brake system design, friction, and power transmission

Construction and System Design

The FX-520 is built around a plain aluminium drum of 130 mm internal diameter, machined to a consistent surface finish to ensure repeatable friction conditions across experiments. The drum is mounted on the apparatus frame with its axis horizontal. A cord is wound around the outer perimeter of the drum and led to a weight hanger, providing the torque loading. The torque direction — and therefore the sense of drum rotation at impending slip — is determined by the direction in which the cord is wound.

Inside the drum, a single brake shoe is mounted on a fixed pivot point. The shoe is shaped to conform to the inner drum surface and carries a friction lining on its contact face. A cord attached to the shoe leads out of the drum to a separate braking load hanger. As the braking load hanger is loaded with weights, the shoe is pressed against the drum surface with a controlled normal force, generating a tangential friction force at the drum surface.

The student increases the torque hanger load incrementally until the drum rotates at near-constant speed under the applied braking load. This condition identifies the tangential force needed to overcome the shoe’s friction resistance at that braking load level. The experiment is repeated at successive braking load increments, building up a dataset from which the coefficient of friction is extracted as the slope of the tangential force versus braking load graph.

To compare leading and trailing shoe behaviour, the cord on the drum perimeter is rewound in the opposite direction, reversing the rotation sense. With the same braking load applied, the torque required to rotate the drum at near-constant speed will differ significantly between the two configurations — more torque is required to overcome a leading shoe than a trailing shoe at the same braking load, directly illustrating the self-energising effect.

Export and Supply Capability

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-520 is available for supply to engineering colleges, technical universities, mechanical engineering departments, research institutions, and industrial training centres. SCIENTICO manufactures and exports laboratory equipment to institutions and distributors across multiple regions. Standard packaging is suitable for international shipment. Bulk orders, customised configurations, and institutional procurement enquiries are welcomed. Please contact SCIENTICO directly for pricing, lead times, and shipping terms.

Q1 : What is the drum friction apparatus used for in engineering education?

The FX-5210 is used to investigate friction in a drum brake system. Students apply a controlled braking load to a single pivoted shoe inside an aluminium drum and measure the tangential force required to rotate the drum at near-constant speed. From the relationship between these two quantities, the coefficient of friction between the drum and shoe is determined. The apparatus also demonstrates the characteristic difference in braking behaviour between a leading shoe and a trailing shoe.

Q2: What is the difference between a leading shoe and a trailing shoe, and how does the FX-520 demonstrate it?

A leading shoe is configured so that the friction force between the shoe and the rotating drum tends to draw the shoe tighter against the drum, amplifying the braking effect beyond the directly applied load — known as the self-energising effect. A trailing shoe is configured so that friction tends to push the shoe away from the drum, requiring a higher applied load for the same braking torque. The FX-520 demonstrates both configurations by rewinding the torque cord in the opposite direction to reverse the drum rotation sense, converting the shoe between leading and trailing without changing any other component.

Q3: How is the coefficient of friction determined using the FX-520?

The coefficient of friction is determined by recording the torque hanger load required to rotate the drum at near-constant speed for a series of braking load values. Plotting tangential force against braking load produces a straight-line graph whose slope equals the coefficient of friction between the drum surface and the brake shoe lining. Separate graphs for the leading and trailing shoe configurations allow direct comparison of friction coefficient values and the self-energising effect.

Q4: Why is the drum made from plain aluminium?

Plain aluminium is used for the drum because its consistent surface finish and well-characterised tribological properties make it suitable for repeatable, controlled friction experiments in a laboratory setting. Using a defined drum material also means the coefficient of friction determined experimentally reflects the specific pairing of the aluminium drum surface with the brake shoe lining material, which is a meaningful and realistic material combination found in certain brake applications.

Q5: What is included in the scope of delivery for the FX-520?

The FX-520 is supplied as a complete experimental kit including: one drum friction experimental unit; one plain aluminium brake drum (130 mm internal diameter); one pivoted brake shoe; two sets of calibrated weights (5 x 5 N, 4 x 2 N, 4 x 1 N, 2 x 0.5 N, 1 x 1 N hanger, 1 x 0.5 N hanger); two weight hangers; and one thread for cord setup and drum torque application.

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Pressure Distribution in Journal Bearings Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-529

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Journal Bearing Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-528

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-528 Journal Bearing Friction Apparatus is a motorised tribology unit for the experimental investigation of hydrodynamic lubrication and friction in radial journal bearings. A 40 mm stainless steel shaft journal operates within interchangeable bearing shells of sintered bronze, cast iron, and PTFE, driven by a 750 W three-phase AC motor with variable frequency drive providing continuously adjustable speed up to 9,999 rpm. Bearing load up to 200 N is applied via a lever arm and weights, and friction moment (30–750 Nmm) is measured simultaneously using a second lever and spring balance. Digital displays show both shaft speed and lubricant temperature in real time. A drip-feed lubricator supplies ISO VG 100 oil continuously through a dedicated lubrication channel, with excess oil collected in the drip tray. Students investigate friction as a function of speed, load, bearing material, and lubricant temperature — including Stribeck curve behaviour. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate tribology and machine elements laboratories. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Dry Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-527

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Pin-Jointed Frameworks Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-531

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Equilibrium of Parallel Forces Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-525

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-525 Equilibrium of Parallel Forces Apparatus is a frame-mounted statics unit for the experimental verification of parallel coplanar force equilibrium conditions — ΣFv = 0 and ΣM = 0 — using two acrylic truss models and a 12-point Perspex circular disc. Warren and N-truss acrylic models, each counterbalanced to eliminate self-weight, accept vertical loads and reactions applied through nylon cords, hanging weights, and double pulleys. Force lines are recorded on A1 paper clipped to the force board for graphical link polygon construction and moment equilibrium verification. The circular disc provides 12 attachment points for couple equilibrium experiments across a range of couple arm positions. A comprehensive weight set — 10 pieces each of 5 N, 2 N, 1 N, and 0.5 N — supports a wide range of loading configurations. Suitable for undergraduate statics, structural mechanics, and applied mechanics laboratories, the FX-525 is supplied complete with all models, weights, rings, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Dry, Rough and Lubricated Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-524

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Clutch Plate Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-523

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-523 Clutch Plate Friction Apparatus is a bench-top experimental unit for the investigation of friction torque transmission in flat disc clutch systems. Four interchangeable friction discs — galvanised steel, clutch lining, loose friction disc, and ring disc (outer 250 mm, inner 150 mm) — are pressed against a flat leather driving disc by a loading arm acting through a thrust bearing, with axial clamping load controlled by calibrated dead weights. Torque is applied to the clutch plate via dual 25 mm effort pulleys and load cords, and the slip threshold is identified by incremental weight addition. Results are compared against both uniform pressure and uniform wear theoretical calculation methods, reinforcing analytical understanding alongside experimental measurement. Suitable for undergraduate machine elements, tribology, and mechanical engineering design laboratories, the FX-523 is supplied complete with four friction discs, weight sets, additional 30 N weights, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Pivot Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-522

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-522 Pivot Friction Apparatus is a hand-operated bench-top unit for the experimental investigation of friction in axial (pivot) bearings. A vertical shaft fitted with interchangeable conical bearing journals — at cone angles of 60°, 90°, 120°, and 180° flat — mates with interchangeable bearing housings of different materials, enabling independent study of cone geometry and material selection effects on friction torque. A 200 mm anodised aluminium disc at the top of the shaft accepts axial dead weights and provides the torque application surface via a rope wound around its periphery. The onset-of-motion method — adding weight to the rope hanger until the shaft just begins to rotate — gives the friction torque directly. Two additional 5 kg axial loading weights and a fine-increment weight set (down to 0.1 N) support a wide range of axial load and torque conditions. A rolling contact bearing comparison experiment is also supported. All components are stored in a foam-inlaid storage unit. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Bearing Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-521

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-521 Bearing Friction Apparatus is a wall-mounted experimental unit for the determination and comparison of friction torque in plain sliding bearings and rolling bearings under identical loading conditions. A 300 mm galvanised steel flywheel of 22.2 kg provides the bearing load through its own dead weight, eliminating the need for a separate loading mechanism. Three sets of interchangeable sliding bearing shells — gun metal, cast iron, and PTFE — and a Type 6203 grooved ball bearing allow four bearing configurations to be tested on the same stainless steel shaft. Friction torque is determined by adding dead weights via a cable drum and hanger until the flywheel just begins to rotate, with the onset-of-motion load directly corresponding to the bearing’s frictional torque. With rolling bearings installed, the flywheel additionally supports fundamental rotational dynamics experiments. Suitable for undergraduate machine elements, tribology, and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-521 is supplied complete with all bearing sets, weight set, hanger, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Cord Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-530

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-530 Cord Friction Apparatus is a wall-mounted experimental unit for the investigation of rope friction across four steel pulley profiles — flat rim, 120°, 90°, and 60° V-groove — and across variable lap angles. A continuous cotton rope loop passes over a fixed primary pulley and an interchangeable second pulley, with two load hangers at its lower ends. The onset-of-slip condition is established by incrementally loading one hanger until the rope just slides, yielding the tight-side to slack-side tension ratio from which the coefficient of friction is calculated. The lap angle is varied using alternative bracket mounting positions for the second pulley, and the V-groove angle effect on effective friction is compared by substituting each of the four pulleys in turn. Suitable for undergraduate machine elements, tribology, and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-530 is supplied complete with four pulleys, cotton rope, load hangers, weight set, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Drum Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-520

Belt and Cord Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-519

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-519 Belt and Cord Friction Apparatus is a portable, bench-mounted unit for the experimental determination of friction coefficients in belt drive systems and the verification of Eytelwein’s rope friction formula. A 150 mm anodised cast iron pulley, ball bearing-mounted and fitted with three grooves, accommodates a flat belt (leather/polyamide, 15 x 2.2 mm), a V-belt (ISO 4184 A-type, rubber/fabric), and round belts (rubber, 8 mm and 10 mm). The contact angle is adjustable from 30° to 210° in 30° increments, and two calibrated weight sets establish the tight-side and slack-side tensions for friction coefficient calculation. Flat belt versus V-belt versus round belt friction comparisons and the effect of incorrect belt alignment can both be investigated on the same apparatus. No power supply is required. Suitable for undergraduate machine elements, tribology, and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-519 is supplied complete with all belt types, weight sets, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Coriolis Force Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-518

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-518 Coriolis Force Apparatus is a self-contained bench-top unit for the direct visualisation of the Coriolis effect in a rotating reference frame. A submersible pump mounted in a transparent water tank on a rotating arm projects a radial water jet at up to 2 L/min. When the arm is stationary the jet travels in a straight radial line; when the arm rotates at speeds up to 60 rpm, the jet deflects from this reference path in a direction and magnitude dependent on the rotation speed and direction — directly observable on the graduated scale on the tank. Reversing the rotation direction reverses the deflection, demonstrating the vector nature of the Coriolis force. A closed water circuit eliminates the need for an external supply, and a digital speed sensor confirms the arm rotation rate throughout the experiment. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate dynamics, rotational mechanics, and geophysics laboratories, the FX-518 requires only a standard power supply and is supplied complete with power cord and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Work Done by Variable Force Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-517

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-517 Work Done by Variable Force Apparatus is a bench-top mechanics unit that gives students a direct, measurable demonstration of the principle that work done by a variable force equals the area under the force-distance graph. Two experiment modes are supported: a vertical force mode in which a loaded trolley is lifted via a ball bearing pulley system as the effort load is increased, and a tangential force mode in which a pivoted arm is restrained at variable angles by a spring balance perpendicular to the arm. Both modes produce nonlinear force-distance relationships requiring graphical integration, with results comparable against theoretical potential energy change for energy balance verification. A spring balance (0–100 N, 0.5 N graduation) and integrated protractor scale support both modes without additional instrumentation. Suitable for undergraduate mechanics and energy methods laboratories, the FX-517 is supplied complete with spring balance, weight sets, hangers, pulleys, and thread. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Polygon and Forces Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-516

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-516 Polygon of Forces Apparatus is a self-contained bench-mounted statics unit for the experimental investigation and graphical verification of coplanar force equilibrium. Up to five calibrated loads are applied via pulleys clamped at adjustable angular positions around a circular disc fitted with a 360° protractor. Equilibrium is confirmed when a central ring centres over the disc’s central pin, and force lines are traced onto paper for construction of the triangle of forces, polygon of forces, or link polygon. Both concurrent and non-concurrent coplanar force systems can be investigated, including forces applied to a circular disc or rectangular lamina. A calibrated weight set with increments down to 0.1 N provides precise load variation. Suitable for undergraduate statics and applied mechanics laboratories, the FX-516 is supplied complete with five pulleys, five weight sets, ring, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Two Arm Lever Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-515

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-515 Two Arm Lever Apparatus is a bench-top statics unit for the experimental study of moment equilibrium on a centrally pivoted beam. The 600 mm beam — mounted on precision ball bearings at its midpoint and graduated along its full length — provides two 300 mm lever arms on which three riders with hooks can be positioned at any scale point. Known weights are applied to each rider, and students adjust load positions and magnitudes to achieve rotational equilibrium, directly verifying the law of moments. The ball bearing pivot ensures high sensitivity to moment imbalance, making the unit suitable for precise quantitative experiments as well as introductory demonstrations. A comprehensive weight set covering 0.5 N to 5 N denominations supports a wide range of loading combinations. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Forces in Truss Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-514

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-514 Forces in Truss Apparatus is a fully instrumented structural mechanics unit for the experimental measurement of bar forces in single-plane statically determinate trusses. Bars in six lengths — from 150 mm to 520 mm — are assembled using pin-jointed node discs within a rigid support frame, allowing three distinct truss configurations to be constructed. Each bar carries an individual strain gauge load cell, and all 12 channels are acquired simultaneously by the measurement amplifier and processed by dedicated LabVIEW-based DAQ software, which displays bar forces graphically in real time. A load application device (−500 to +500 N, 0.01 N graduation) applies a controlled external force at any node disc, and its position and direction can be varied to investigate load dependency. Measured results are compared directly against the method of joints and Ritter’s method of sections. All components are housed in a dedicated storage system. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Fundamentals of Statics Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-513

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-513 Fundamentals of Statics Apparatus is a modular, panel-based laboratory unit covering the essential principles of statics including force resolution, equilibrium, law of levers, moment determination, and pulley systems. The 600 x 700 mm upright panel features a 50 mm imprinted line grid, a writeable surface for erasable annotations, and an aluminium rail system for rapid attachment and reconfiguration of lever rods, pulleys, torque discs, pivot bearings, and cables. Integrated ball bearings at pivot mounts ensure low-friction rotation for accurate torque and moment experiments. Two spring balances, two weight sets, and two torque discs are included as standard. Three optional supplementary sets extend the programme to friction, pulley blocks, and gear wheels. Suitable for undergraduate statics and applied mechanics laboratory courses, the FX-513 is a long-term, multipurpose platform supplied complete with all mountings, thread, measuring tape, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Forces in Simple Bar Structure Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-512

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-512 Forces in Simple Bar Structure Apparatus is a bench-top structural mechanics unit for the measurement and analysis of internal forces in a three-bar, pin-jointed roof truss. Three individual force gauges (0–100 N, 0.5 N graduation) measure compressive forces in the two fixed-length rafter bars and tensile force in the adjustable tie bar simultaneously under applied apex loading. The adjustable tie (440 / 622 / 762 mm) enables four distinct angle configurations — 60°-60°-60°, 45°-90°-45°, 30°-120°-30°, and 30°-30°-120° — allowing systematic investigation of how truss geometry affects force distribution. Quick-lock node disc connections allow rapid reconfiguration, and the aluminium base frame with integrated 1 m scale supports precise geometry recording for method of joints and graphical force polygon analysis. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate structural mechanics and civil and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-512 is supplied complete with bars, node discs, force gauges, weight set, measuring tape, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Toggle Joint Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-511

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-511 Toggle Joint Apparatus is a bench-top mechanics unit for the experimental study of force distribution and reaction forces in a three-member toggle joint under applied vertical loading. The opening angle is continuously adjustable between 30° and 135°, and a mechanical spring balance (0–10 kg, 50 g graduation) measures the horizontal reaction force at the moveable end of the base member directly under load. Students resolve forces analytically at the toggle apex and compare calculated values against spring balance readings across a range of angle and load combinations, building a quantitative understanding of the force amplification behaviour characteristic of toggle mechanisms. The unit is of solid metal construction, requires no wall mounting, and is supplied complete with weight set, chain, measuring tape, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Forces in a Jib Crane Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-510

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-510 Forces in a Jib Crane Apparatus is a wall-mounted structural mechanics unit for the experimental determination of compressive and tensile forces in a two-member crane structure. A force gauge integrated into the jib (0–100 N, 0.5 N graduation) and a spring balance integrated into the tie (0–10 kg, 50 g graduation) provide direct force readings under applied dead loads. Students compare measured results against theoretical values derived from the triangle of forces and polygon of forces methods, verifying static equilibrium principles in a physically clear and historically relevant structural form. Both the jib overhang and tie inclination are adjustable, enabling experiments across multiple geometric configurations. The unit folds flat when not in use and is supplied complete with weight set, hanger, chain, measuring tape, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Friction on Inclined Plane Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-509

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-509 Friction on Inclined Plane Apparatus is a bench-mounted unit for the quantitative determination of static and dynamic friction coefficients across multiple material pairings. An 800 mm inclined plane, adjustable from 0° to 45° and fitted with a pointer and protractor scale, supports two experimental methods: the angle-of-sliding method for static friction and the tensile force method for dynamic friction. Four sample blocks — steel, polypropylene, aluminium, and brass — each measuring 80 x 60 x 22 mm, allow direct comparison of friction behaviour across different material combinations. A ball bearing-mounted deflection roller minimises pulley friction for accurate force transmission, and a graduated weight set with increments down to 0.1 N enables precise loading control. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate applied mechanics and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-509 is supplied complete with samples, weight set, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Conservation of Angular Momentum Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-508

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-508 Conservation of Angular Momentum Apparatus is a bench-mounted demonstration unit that provides a clear, visually immediate illustration of angular momentum conservation in rotating systems. Two sliding dead weights are mounted symmetrically on a bearing-supported rotating arm and can be drawn radially inward or outward via a pull cord. When the arm is spun manually and the weights are pulled toward the centre, the reduction in moment of inertia produces a sharp, visible increase in rotational speed — directly demonstrating the conservation principle without any measurement instrumentation. The unit is intended for qualitative demonstration only and requires no power supply, making it quick to deploy in lecture theatres, laboratory induction sessions, and introductory mechanics practicals. Supplied complete with thread and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Centrifugal Force Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-507

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-507 Centrifugal Force Apparatus is a motorised, bench-top unit for the quantitative study of centrifugal force acting on rotating masses. Using three interchangeable masses (50 g, 75 g, 100 g) and five discrete path radii (25–125 mm), students can independently investigate the effect of mass, radius, and rotational speed on the centrifugal force generated. Force is measured electronically via a bending bar sensor with 0.01 N resolution over a 0–25 N range, and both force and speed are displayed simultaneously on the digital control panel. Speed is regulated continuously via a 10-turn potentiometer across a range of 0–400 rpm. A transparent protective cover encloses the rotating assembly during operation, and the free-standing design requires no bench fixings. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate rotational dynamics and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-507 is supplied complete with masses, protective cover, power cord, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Rolling Disc on Inclined Plane | FrixoDynamics FX-506

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-506 Rolling Disc on Inclined Plane is a bench-top dynamics apparatus for the experimental determination of moment of inertia through both rolling and pendulum test methods. Two steel discs — 380 g at 70 mm diameter and 650 g at 100 mm diameter — are rolled down a precision-aligned inclined track of up to 1000 mm, with inclination adjustable from 0° to 10° and confirmed by a built-in inclinometer. Integrated spirit levels, a three-point support system, and self-centering conical disc pins ensure consistent, repeatable experimental conditions. The unit covers a broad range of rotational dynamics experiments including the law of gravity on an inclined plane, influence of mass on acceleration, and proof of the law of falling bodies. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical engineering and physics laboratories, the FX-506 is supplied complete with stopwatch, lock pin, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Gyroscope Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-505

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-505 Gyroscope Apparatus is a motorised, table-top laboratory unit for the experimental study of gyroscopic precession and the moments generated by a spinning flywheel under controlled frame rotation. Two independently regulated electric motors govern the flywheel speed (1,000–6,000 rpm) and frame precession speed (0–100 rpm), with both values displayed digitally on the control panel. The gyroscopic moment is varied by repositioning a counterweight at radii from 0 to 95 mm, enabling systematic investigation of the relationship between speed, radius, and moment. A transparent plastic cover allows full observation of the mechanism during operation. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate dynamics and mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-505 requires only a standard power supply and is supplied complete with protective cover, power cord, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Coanda Effect Demonstration Unit | FluidoSurge-X 364

The SCIENTICO FluidoSurge-X 364 is a laboratory demonstration unit for the Coanda effect, designed for use with the FluidoSurge-X 348 aerodynamics trainer. It uses a transparent Y-shaped channel with adjustable pivoting and sliding elements to illustrate wall-guided airflow and pneumatic logic switching. Students gain practical understanding of boundary layer entrainment, flow attachment to curved surfaces, and the amplification principle in pneumatic control elements. The unit is suited to fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics modules in undergraduate and postgraduate engineering programmes. SCIENTICO supplies this unit to engineering institutions and laboratory distributors internationally.

Centre of Gravity Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-504

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-504 Centre of Gravity Apparatus enables students to experimentally determine the centre of gravity of six flat lamina shapes — circle, isosceles triangle, trapezium, L-shape, T-shape, and semi-circle — using the plumb bob method. Each lamina is suspended from a pin on a free-standing backboard, a plumb bob defines the vertical line of action of its weight, and the process is repeated from a second hole. The intersection of the resulting lines locates the CG, which is then compared against values from calculation or standard reference books. The experiment clearly demonstrates that for compound shapes such as the L and T sections, the CG may fall outside the physical boundary of the object — a result that is difficult to visualise analytically but immediately apparent through experiment. Designed for statics and solid mechanics laboratories, the FX-504 is supplied complete with six lamina samples, plumb bob, thread, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Three Wire Suspension Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-503

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-503 Three Wire Suspension Apparatus enables students to study force equilibrium in two-wire and three-wire suspension systems. Known loads are applied to a common node ring from which three wires radiate at angles of approximately 45°, 60°, and 90° to the horizontal. The tension in each wire is read directly from integrated linear spring balances, and students verify that the resolved horizontal and vertical force components sum to zero under each applied load. The apparatus also supports investigation of the redundant vertical tie — introducing students to statical indeterminacy in a clear, measurable context. Wire lengths are individually adjustable via threaded rods, allowing accurate geometry setting before each experiment. Designed for statics and structural mechanics laboratories, the FX-503 is supplied complete with three spring balances, node disk, calibrated weight set, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Roof Truss Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-502

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-502 Roof Truss Apparatus is a single-plane, statically determinate pin-jointed truss trainer for structural mechanics laboratories. Students apply nodal loads and measure the resulting bar forces directly — compression forces via integrated force gauges on the two rafter members, and tension force via a spring balance on the adjustable tie. Results can be verified using the method of joints and graphical force resolution, giving students a three-way comparison between measurement, calculation, and graphics. The adjustable tie member and chain mechanism allow the truss geometry to be reconfigured across a wide range of angles, extending the experimental scope beyond a single configuration. Designed for civil and mechanical engineering departments, the FX-502 is supplied complete with weight set, metre tape, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Rubber Shear (Radial) Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-501

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-501 Rubber Shear (Radial) Apparatus enables students to study the torsional shear behaviour of a rubber cylinder under incrementally applied torque. A graduated round plate (0°–360°) with pointer provides direct angular deformation readings, allowing users to determine the modulus of rigidity, investigate the shear stress–shear strain relationship, and observe hysteresis under cyclic torsional loading. The radial loading mode distinguishes the FX-501 from linear shear units, making it particularly relevant to the study of torsional vibration dampers, flexible couplings, and rotary engine mounting systems. Designed for undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical engineering laboratories, the unit is supplied complete with thread, calibrated weight set, and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Rubber Shear Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-500

The SCIENTICO FrixoDynamics FX-500 Rubber Shear Apparatus allows students to study the shear deformation of a rubber block under incrementally applied dead loads. Using a precision dial gauge with 0.01 mm resolution, users measure deflection at each load step and derive the modulus of rigidity, shear stress, and shear strain for the rubber specimen. The apparatus also demonstrates hysteresis — the non-linear recovery behaviour of rubber during unloading — connecting theory to real-world applications in vibration isolation and flexible mounting. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical engineering laboratories, the FX-500 is supplied complete with a calibrated weight set and instructional manual. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, available for institutional supply and international distribution.

Control Valve Characteristics Training Panel – ProzessiX PX-06

The Control Valve Characteristics Training Panel – ProzessiX PX-06 manufactured by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system designed to study the performance of pneumatic control valves used in industrial process control systems. The apparatus includes three valve types: linear, equal percentage, and quick opening.

Water is circulated through the valves using a centrifugal pump, while flow rate and pressure are measured using a rotameter and manometer. Pneumatic diaphragm actuators allow controlled valve operation through regulated air supply.

The system enables practical experiments on inherent characteristics, installed characteristics, hysteresis, and rangeability of control valves. It is widely used in chemical engineering laboratories, instrumentation training centers, and process control education programs.

Boys Gas Calorimeter – ProzessiX PX-05

The Boys Gas Calorimeter – ProzessiX PX-05 manufactured by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus designed to determine the calorific value of gaseous fuels using controlled combustion and heat transfer measurement. The system integrates a Hyde type wet gas meter and a Boys non-recording calorimeter to accurately measure gas volume and energy output.

The apparatus enables experiments involving calorific value determination, gas temperature measurement, and water temperature difference analysis during combustion studies. It is widely used in chemical engineering, thermal engineering, and fuel testing laboratories.

Designed for reliable laboratory operation, the system is suitable for educational institutions, research laboratories, and industrial training centers and is supplied for international laboratory applications.

Analytical Process Control Trainer | ProzessiX PX-04

The Analytical Process Control Trainer, ProzessiX PX-04, is a modular laboratory system designed to study analytical process measurement and control of pH, conductivity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen in water-based processes.

The trainer includes industrial-style components such as pumps, reagent tanks, analytical sensors, and universal process controllers. It enables hands-on training in chemical parameter control, sensor calibration, and dosing operations. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, the system is suitable for engineering institutions, pilot plants, and international technical training laboratories.

Process Plant Trainer | ProzessiX PX-03

The Process Plant Trainer, ProzessiX PX-03, is a miniature industrial process system designed for advanced study of measurement, dynamics, and process control strategies. It supports manual, single-loop, cascade, multi-loop, and PC-based PID control experiments.

Equipped with plate heat exchanger, heating and cooling systems, peristaltic pumps, multi-parameter sensors, and integrated DAQ software, the system enables realistic training in industrial automation and process control. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, it is suitable for engineering institutions and export-oriented technical training centers.

Flow Through Particle Layers Trainer | ProzessiX PX-02

The Flow Through Particle Layers Trainer, ProzessiX PX-02, is a laboratory-scale process engineering equipment designed to study liquid flow through fixed and fluidized beds. It enables measurement of pressure loss, fluidization velocity, and bed expansion in granular media.

Featuring a glass test tube with sintered metal support, adjustable flow control, and inverted U-tube manometers, the system supports verification of Darcy’s law and the Carman-Kozeny equation. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, it is suitable for engineering colleges, pilot plants, and international training institutions.

Cake & Depth Filtration Trainer ProzessiX PX-01

The Cake & Depth Filtration Trainer, ProzessiX series, Model PX-01, is a laboratory-scale process engineering equipment designed to demonstrate depth filtration, cake formation, and backwashing in water treatment systems. It enables measurement of pressure distribution, permeability, flow rate, and fluidization behavior.

Equipped with inverted U-tube manometers, rotameter, adjustable flow control, and dedicated backwash pump, the system supports detailed study of Darcy’s law and Micheau diagrams. Manufactured by SCIENTICO, it is suitable for engineering colleges, pilot plants, and export-oriented technical training institutions.

Flow in a Pipe Bend Module | FluidoSurge-X 362

The Flow in a Pipe Bend Module | FluidoSurge-X 362 by SCIENTICO is an experimental accessory for studying static pressure distribution in a 90° elbow duct. It features 29 pressure tapping points and transparent construction for detailed analysis. Designed for use with the Aerodynamics Trainer FluidoSurge-X 348 in fluid mechanics laboratories.

Bernoulli’s Principle Module | FluidoSurge-X 358

The Bernoulli’s Principle Module | FluidoSurge-X 358 by SCIENTICO is a Venturi-based laboratory accessory for demonstrating the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s principle. It enables measurement of static, total, and dynamic pressures using a Pitot-static tube and manometer system. Designed for use with the Aerodynamics Trainer FluidoSurge-X 348.

Boundary Layers Module | FluidoSurge-X 356

The Boundary Layers Module | FluidoSurge-X 356 by SCIENTICO is an experimental accessory for studying boundary layer formation over a flat plate. It includes smooth and rough surface plates, an adjustable Pitot tube, and removable side bodies for pressure gradient analysis. Designed for use with a compatible aerodynamics trainer in fluid mechanics laboratories.

Drag Forces Module | FluidoSurge-X 352

The Drag Forces Module | FluidoSurge-X 352 by SCIENTICO is an experimental accessory for measuring drag forces and determining drag coefficients on plates, cylinders, and aerofoils. It includes a beam scale and adjustable Pitot tube for pressure and wake analysis. Designed for use with the compatible aerodynamics trainer in fluid mechanics laboratories.

Aerodynamics Trainer | FluidoSurge-X 348

The Aerodynamics Trainer | FluidoSurge-X 348 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying airflow around and through bodies. It features a variable-speed radial fan, low-turbulence measuring section, and 16 inclined tube manometers for pressure analysis. Suitable for aerodynamics and fluid mechanics laboratory experiments.

Groundwater Flow Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 310

The Groundwater Flow Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 310 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for three-dimensional study of groundwater flow, hydraulic gradients, and cone of depression. It features a sand-filled tank, dual wells, and 19 tube manometers for accurate measurement. Suitable for hydrology, geotechnical, and civil engineering laboratory applications.

Demonstration Lysimeter | FluidoSurgeX – 306

The Demonstration Lysimeter | FluidoSurgeX – 306 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for studying soil-water balance and evapotranspiration. It features a hydraulic sensing system with an inclined-tube manometer for accurate measurement of water gains and losses. Suitable for hydrology, environmental engineering, and agricultural laboratory applications.

Multi Pump Test Rig with 4 Pumps | FluidoSurge-X 345

The Multi Pump Test Rig with 4 Pumps | FluidoSurge-X 345 by SCIENTICO is a fully instrumented laboratory system for studying centrifugal, side channel, and plunger pump performance. It supports series and parallel pump configurations and enables measurement of flow, pressure, torque, speed, and efficiency. The PLC-controlled closed-loop system is suitable for advanced fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery laboratories.

Advance Multi Pump Test Rig | FluidoSurge-X 342

The Advance Multi Pump Test Rig | FluidoSurge-X 342 by SCIENTICO is a fully instrumented laboratory system for studying the performance of multiple pump types. It enables direct measurement of pressure, flow, torque, and speed, with variable speed control and closed-loop water circulation. The rig supports advanced pump characteristic, efficiency, and similarity studies in fluid mechanics laboratories.

Rainfall Hydrographs Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 302

The Rainfall Hydrographs Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 302 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying rainfall–runoff behavior and flood hydrograph formation. It simulates controlled rainfall over a gravel catchment and measures runoff using a time-based collection system. The apparatus provides an immediate visual representation of hydrographs. Suitable for hydrology and civil engineering teaching laboratories.

Visualization of Flow Fields | FluidoSurge-X 298

The Visualization of Flow Fields | FluidoSurge-X 298 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for qualitative study of laminar and turbulent flow using hydrogen bubble visualization. It features a shallow water channel, adjustable bubble generation, and interchangeable models for observing streamlines, flow separation, and vortices. The system enables clear, low-velocity flow visualization for fluid mechanics teaching laboratories.

Multi Pump Test Rig Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 294

The Multi Pump Test Rig Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 294 by SCIENTICO is a self-contained laboratory system for studying centrifugal, reciprocating, and axial flow pumps. It enables measurement of pump characteristics, efficiency, and operating behavior using variable speed control and integrated instrumentation. Transparent pump construction supports clear visualization of internal flow. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery teaching laboratories.

Pipes Losses Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 341

The Pipes Losses Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 341 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying frictional pressure losses in straight pipes. It features four pipe sections of different materials and diameters with accurate differential pressure measurement. The unit supports experiments on flow velocity, surface roughness, and theoretical comparison. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulics teaching laboratories.

Visualization of Seepage Flows | FluidoSurge-X 328

The Visualization of Seepage Flows | FluidoSurge-X 328 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for studying seepage and groundwater flow through permeable media. It enables visualization of streamlines and flow nets using a contrast medium and supports pressure distribution studies on hydraulic structures. The closed water circuit and transparent construction allow clear and repeatable experiments. Suitable for civil engineering and fluid mechanics teaching laboratories.

Multi Turbine Test Rig | FluidoSurge-X 314

The Multi Turbine Test Rig | FluidoSurge-X 314 by SCIENTICO is a self-contained laboratory system for studying Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It enables measurement of power output, efficiency, and specific speed using a variable-speed pump and integrated dynamometer. The closed water circuit and interchangeable turbine modules support comprehensive hydraulic turbine experiments. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery teaching laboratories.

Permeability / Fluidization Studies Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 282

The Permeability / Fluidization Studies Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 282 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying flow through granular beds and liquid fluidization behavior. It supports experiments on permeability, pressure drop, and packed bed correlations using transparent test sections and differential manometers. The unit operates without electrical power and allows clear visual observation. Suitable for fluid mechanics and process engineering teaching laboratories.

Advanced Hydrological Investigations Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 278

The Advanced Hydrological Investigations Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 278 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying seepage, groundwater flow, precipitation runoff, and sediment transport. It features an inclinable sand-filled tank, rainfall simulation with timer control, and obstacle models for river flow studies. The closed water circuit supports controlled hydrological experiments. Suitable for advanced civil engineering and water resources laboratories.

Basic Hydrology Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 274

The Basic Hydrology Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 274 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying seepage, groundwater flow, and precipitation runoff in soil. It features an inclinable sand-filled tank, rainfall simulation, and multiple groundwater measurement points. The closed water circuit supports controlled hydrological experiments. Suitable for civil engineering and water resources teaching laboratories.

Rotating Tank Vortex Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 270

The Rotating Tank Vortex Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 270 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory unit for studying free and forced vortex motion in rotating fluids. It features a transparent rotating vessel, variable speed control, and precision measurement using a traverse probe. The apparatus supports surface profile and total head studies. Suitable for fluid mechanics teaching and demonstration laboratories.

Open-Channel Sediment Transport Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 265

The Open-Channel Sediment Transport Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 265 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory flume for studying bed-load transport and open-channel flow behavior. It features an adjustable slope, tempered glass side walls, and a closed water circuit with sediment trap. The system supports experiments on sediment transport, scour, and flow regimes under controlled conditions. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering teaching laboratories.

Reciprocating Pump Demonstration Unit | FluidoSurge-X 264

The Reciprocating Pump Demonstration Unit | FluidoSurge-X 264 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for studying reciprocating pump performance and pressure behavior. It enables measurement of pump characteristic curves, delivery pressure, and cylinder pressure. The unit includes provisions for pulsation damping and volumetric flow measurement. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery teaching laboratories.

Orifice Flowmeter | FluidoSurge-X 232

The Orifice Flowmeter | FluidoSurge-X 232 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for studying flow measurement using the differential pressure method. It features a transparent acrylic pipe section with an orifice plate and manometer connections for pressure loss measurement. The unit supports experiments on Bernoulli’s principle and continuity law. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulics teaching laboratories.

Centrifugal Compressor Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 260

The Centrifugal Compressor Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 260 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying centrifugal compressor performance and operating characteristics. It features a multi-stage compressor with variable speed control, transparent intake, and integrated measurement of pressure, temperature, speed, and power. The apparatus supports characteristic curve and efficiency experiments. Suitable for fluid mechanics and turbomachinery teaching laboratories.

Radial Fan Flow Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 252

The Radial Fan Flow Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 252 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying radial fan performance and airflow characteristics. It features adjustable fan speed, transparent ducting, and interchangeable impellers for comparative analysis. The apparatus supports measurement of pressure, flow rate, speed, and temperature. Suitable for fluid mechanics and thermal engineering teaching laboratories.

Fundamentals of Sedimentation | FluidoSurge-X 244

The Fundamentals of Sedimentation | FluidoSurge-X 244 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for studying solid-liquid separation through sedimentation. It features five transparent, backlit tanks for comparing settling velocities in different suspensions. The system supports experiments on particle density, concentration, and fluid properties. Suitable for fluid mechanics and environmental engineering teaching laboratories.

Water Hammer Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 250

The Water Hammer Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 250 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory unit for demonstrating and studying the water hammer phenomenon in pipelines. It allows visualization of pressure surges using transparent piping and controlled flow interruption. The apparatus includes surge pipes of different diameters to study mitigation effects. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering teaching laboratories.

Permeability and Fluidization Studies Apparatus – HydraNexis HNX 12

The Permeability and Fluidization Studies Apparatus (HydraNexis HNX 12) by SCIENTICO is a non-electrical, laboratory-scale system for studying permeability, pressure drop, and fluidization in granular beds. With a transparent test section, constant head supply, and differential pressure measurement, it is ideal for educational and research applications in water treatment and environmental engineering.

Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 324

The Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 324 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying transient flow effects in pipelines. It enables investigation of pipe surge and water hammer using stainless steel test pipes, surge tank, and pressure transducers. The system includes an oscilloscope for observing pressure waves and operates with a constant head water supply. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering laboratories.

Sedimentation Tank – HydraNexis HNX 11

The Sedimentation Tank (HydraNexis HNX 11) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale pilot unit for studying sedimentation, hydraulic flow behavior, and solid–liquid separation. With controlled slurry preparation, tracer injection, and precise flow regulation, it is ideal for teaching, research, and water treatment process development.

Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume (Length 10 m) | FluidoSurge-X 248

The Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume (Length 10 m) | FluidoSurge-X 248 by SCIENTICO is a large-scale open channel laboratory flume for hydraulic engineering education and research. It features a tempered glass experimental section, adjustable slope, and closed water circuit. The system supports a wide range of experiments using standard and optional hydraulic models. Suitable for advanced teaching, demonstration, and fluid mechanics research laboratories.

Flocculation Test Unit – HydraNexis HNX 10

The Flocculation Test Unit (HydraNexis HNX 10) by SCIENTICO is a six-station jar test system for determining optimum coagulation and flocculation conditions. With independent variable-speed stirrers, digital control, and flexible operation, it is ideal for laboratory studies, plant optimization, and educational training in water treatment technology.

Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume (Length 5 m) | FluidoSurge-X 240

The Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume (Length 5 m) | FluidoSurge-X 240 by SCIENTICO is a large-scale open channel laboratory flume for hydraulic engineering education. It features a tempered glass experimental section, adjustable slope, and closed water circuit. The system supports a wide range of experiments using standard and optional hydraulic models. Suitable for teaching, demonstration, and advanced fluid mechanics research.

Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume (Length 2.5 m) | FluidoSurge-X 236

The Multi-Purpose Teaching Flume (Length 2.5 m) | FluidoSurge-X 236 by SCIENTICO is an open channel laboratory flume for hydraulic engineering education. It features a tempered glass experimental section, adjustable slope, and closed water circuit. The system supports a wide range of experiments using standard and optional hydraulic models. Suitable for teaching, demonstration, and experimental analysis in fluid mechanics and hydraulics laboratories.

Pipe Network Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 228

The Pipe Network Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 228 by SCIENTICO is a modular laboratory system for studying flow behavior in interconnected pipe networks. It supports experiments on head loss, discharge, and flow distribution in series, parallel, and mixed configurations. The apparatus features tool-free reconfiguration, individual flow control, and pressure measurement points. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulics laboratories.

Horizontal Osborne Reynolds Demonstrator | FluidoSurge-X 224

The Horizontal Osborne Reynolds Demonstrator | FluidoSurge-X 224 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory apparatus for visualizing flow regimes in pipe flow. It enables observation of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow using controlled ink injection in a horizontal plexiglass tube. The unit supports determination of the critical Reynolds number under constant head conditions. Suitable for fluid mechanics teaching laboratories.

Flow Visualization in Channel | FluidoSurgeX 220

The Flow Visualization in Channel | FluidoSurgeX 220 by SCIENTICO is an open channel flow apparatus for fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables visualization of streamlines, vortices, and flow behavior around weirs and drag bodies using a transparent flume and contrast medium injection. The unit supports adjustable water levels and uniform inlet flow. Suitable for use with a hydraulic bench or laboratory water supply.

Kaplan Turbine Apparatus | FluidoSurgeX 208

The Kaplan Turbine Apparatus | FluidoSurgeX 208 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory training unit for studying reaction turbine performance. It enables investigation of power output, head, and efficiency under varying flow and guide vane positions. The system operates with a hydraulic bench and features band brake loading and non-contact speed measurement. Suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery laboratories.

Mini Wind Tunnel | FluidoSurgeX 219

The Mini Wind Tunnel | FluidoSurgeX 219 by SCIENTICO is an Eiffel type subsonic wind tunnel for aerodynamics and fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables measurement of lift, drag, velocity, and angle of attack on stationary models. The system features a transparent measuring section, low-turbulence airflow, and electronic force measurement. Optional DAQ hardware and software support digital data acquisition and reporting. Suitable for academic teaching and laboratory experimentation.

Flight Demonstration Wind Tunnel | FluidoSurge-X 218

The Flight Demonstration Wind Tunnel FluidoSurge-X 218 is designed for hands on study of fixed wing aircraft behavior. It enables demonstration of take off, flight, stall, and landing characteristics. The setup includes manual flight controls, digital displays, and a transparent working section. It is suitable for aerodynamics and fluid mechanics laboratory teaching.

Wind Tunnel | FluidoSurge-X 216

The Wind Tunnel FluidoSurge-X 216 is an Eiffel type subsonic wind tunnel for aerodynamic experiments. It enables measurement of lift, drag, velocity, and pressure distribution on models. The setup includes a transparent measuring section, force sensor, and multi tube manometer. It is suitable for aerodynamics and fluid mechanics laboratory teaching.

Hydrostatics Trainer | FluidoSurge-X 213

The Hydrostatics Trainer FluidoSurge-X 213 is designed for experimental study of fluids at rest and hydrostatic pressure effects. It supports experiments on buoyancy, density, surface tension, and center of pressure. The setup includes integrated water and air supply with transparent experimental units. It is suitable for comprehensive hydrostatics laboratory teaching.

Fluid Properties & Hydrostatics Bench | FluidoSurge-X 212

The Fluid Properties & Hydrostatics Bench FluidoSurge-X 212 is a self contained laboratory bench for studying fluid properties and hydrostatics. It supports experiments on density, viscosity, pressure, buoyancy, and surface phenomena. The setup includes integrated instruments and dedicated hydrostatics modules. It is suitable for comprehensive fluid mechanics laboratory teaching.

Advance Fluid Friction Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 205

The Advance Fluid Friction Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 205 is designed for advanced study of friction losses in pipe flow systems. It supports investigation of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes using smooth and rough pipes. The setup includes fittings, valves, and flow measuring devices with digital measurement capability. It is suitable for advanced fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and analysis.

Depth Filtration Unit – HydraNexis HNX 09

The Depth Filtration Unit (HydraNexis HNX 09) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale pilot plant for demonstrating depth filtration, pressure loss development, and backwashing. With multi-point pressure measurement and Micheau diagram plotting, it is ideal for education, training, and research in water treatment technology.

Ion Exchange Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 08

The Ion Exchange Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 08) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale system for demonstrating water softening and desalination using cation and anion exchangers. With continuous conductivity monitoring and full regeneration capability, it is ideal for education, research, and training in water treatment technology.

Water Treatment Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 07

The Water Treatment Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 07) by SCIENTICO is a modular laboratory-scale system demonstrating depth filtration, adsorption, and ion exchange processes. It enables hands-on study of conventional water treatment operations with full PLC control and real-time monitoring. Designed for education and research, the system supports comprehensive experimentation and data analysis in water treatment technology.

Fluid Friction Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 204

The Fluid Friction Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 204 is designed for experimental study of friction losses in pipe flow systems. It enables investigation of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes using smooth and rough pipes. The setup includes fittings, valves, and flow measuring devices for comprehensive analysis. It is suitable for advanced fluid mechanics laboratory teaching.

Flow Visualization Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 200

The Flow Visualization Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 200 is designed to demonstrate two dimensional potential flow using a Hele Shaw cell. It enables visualization of streamlines, sources, sinks, and flow around bodies with ink contrast. The setup supports modelling of Rankine half bodies and dipoles. It is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and demonstrations.

Aerobic Water Treatment Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 06

The Aerobic Water Treatment Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 06) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale system demonstrating the activated sludge process for aerobic wastewater treatment. It enables controlled study of biological oxidation, aeration, and sludge settling. Designed for engineering education and research, the system supports monitoring of key biological and operational parameters. Manufactured for reliable operation, it is suitable for domestic and international supply.

Reverse Osmosis Pilot Plant – HydraNexis- HNX 05

The Reverse Osmosis Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 05) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale water purification system demonstrating membrane-based desalination. It enables controlled study of reverse osmosis principles, membrane performance, and salt separation using conductivity analysis. Designed for engineering education and research, the system supports process optimization under variable pressure and flow conditions. Manufactured for reliable operation, it is suitable for domestic and international supply.

Anaerobic Water Treatment Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 04

The Anaerobic Water Treatment Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 04) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale system for studying anaerobic digestion and UASB reactor performance. It enables controlled evaluation of organic matter degradation, biogas generation, and biological treatment efficiency. Designed for engineering education and research, the system supports monitoring of key biological and process parameters. Built for reliable operation, it is suitable for domestic and international supply.

Filter Press and Micro Filter Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 03

The Filter Press and Micro Filter Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 03) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale filtration system demonstrating cake filtration and tangential microfiltration. It enables detailed study of solid-liquid separation, filter cake formation, and filtration dynamics. Designed for engineering education and research, the system supports controlled experiments with real-time monitoring. Built for reliable laboratory operation, it is suitable for domestic and international supply.

Automated Filtration Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 02

The Automated Filtration Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 02) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale water treatment system demonstrating sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption. It enables controlled study of mechanical and chemical filtration processes with automated monitoring. Designed for engineering education and research, the system supports adsorption, turbidity, and flow analysis. Built for reliable operation, it is suitable for domestic and international supply.

Coagulation, Flocculation and Settling Pilot Plant – HydraNexis HNX 01

The Coagulation, Flocculation and Settling Pilot Plant (HydraNexis HNX 01) by SCIENTICO is a laboratory-scale water treatment system for studying chemical precipitation and sedimentation processes. It enables clear visualization and analysis of coagulation, flocculation, and settling behavior. Designed for engineering education, research, and pilot studies, the system supports process optimization and controlled experimentation. Manufactured for reliable operation and international supply, it is suitable for academic and environmental engineering applications worldwide.

Axial Fan Compressor Demonstration Unit | FluidoSurge-X 196

The Axial Fan Compressor Demonstration Unit FluidoSurge-X 196 is designed for studying axial fan and compressor characteristics. It enables measurement of flow rate, differential pressure, speed, and temperature under controlled conditions. The setup features variable speed control, transparent flow sections, and integrated sensors. It is suitable for fluid mechanics and turbomachinery laboratory teaching.

Series and Parallel Pump Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 192

The Series and Parallel Pump Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 192 is designed for studying centrifugal pump performance under different configurations. It supports single, series, and parallel pump operation with variable speed control. The setup enables analysis of head, discharge, and efficiency characteristics. It is suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery laboratory teaching.

Centrifugal Pump | FluidoSurge-X 188

The Centrifugal Pump FluidoSurge-X 188 is designed for experimental study of centrifugal pump performance. It enables measurement of flow rate, pressure, and speed under variable operating conditions. The setup supports characteristic curve plotting and efficiency evaluation. It is suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery laboratory teaching.

Cavitations Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 184

The Cavitations Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 184 is designed to demonstrate cavitation in flowing liquids using a transparent Venturi section. It allows visualization of vapor bubble formation and collapse under controlled pressure conditions. The setup includes pressure and vacuum gauges for detailed analysis. It is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and experimental study of cavitation phenomena.

Drag Coefficients Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 180

The Drag Coefficients Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 180 by SCIENTICO is a laboratory system for studying particle settling velocity and drag behavior in fluids. It enables experimental determination of drag coefficients and Reynolds number relationships using transparent vertical tubes. The apparatus supports controlled experiments with particles of different sizes and materials. Suitable for fluid mechanics teaching and laboratory analysis.

Venturi Meter Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 176

The Venturi Meter Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 176 is designed for measuring flow rate in pipes using the Venturi principle. It features a transparent acrylic Venturi tube with multiple pressure tapping points and a manometer bank. The setup enables study of pressure drop, pressure recovery, and discharge coefficient. It is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and experimental analysis.

Advance Dead Weight Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 173

The Advance Dead Weight Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 173 is designed for high accuracy pressure calibration in laboratories. It uses a precision piston manometer with calibrated dead weights to generate known pressures. The setup supports calibration of Bourdon tube pressure gauges and systematic error analysis. It is suitable for advanced fluid mechanics and instrumentation laboratory experiments.

Dead Weight Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 172

The Dead Weight Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 172 is designed for calibration of pressure gauges in laboratory environments. It generates accurate pressure using a precision piston and calibrated dead weights. The setup enables comparison between applied pressure and Bourdon gauge readings. It is suitable for fluid mechanics and instrumentation laboratory experiments.

Pipe Friction Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 168

The Pipe Friction Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 168 is designed for studying friction losses in pipe flow. It supports experiments under laminar and turbulent conditions using controlled water supply. The setup includes an elevated head tank, test pipe, and manometers for head loss measurement. It is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and experimental analysis.

Hydraulic Ram Pump Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 164

The Hydraulic Ram Pump Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 164 is designed to demonstrate water hammer and hydraulic ram pumping principles. It operates without external power and uses pressure surges to lift water to a higher level. The setup features transparent tanks, adjustable valves, and a visible air vessel for clear observation. It is suitable for fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery laboratory experiments.

Francis Turbine Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 160

The Francis Turbine Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 160 is designed for studying reaction turbine principles in fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables measurement of torque, power output, and efficiency of a Francis turbine. The setup features adjustable guide vanes, a band brake loading system, and transparent casing.It operates with a hydraulic bench or laboratory water supply and supports characteristic curve analysis.

Pelton Turbine Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 156

The Pelton Turbine Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 156 is designed for studying impulse turbine performance in fluid mechanics laboratories. It features a transparent housing with adjustable spear valve and miniature Pelton wheel. The setup enables measurement of speed, torque, power, and efficiency under constant head conditions. It operates with a hydraulic bench or laboratory water supply and supports comprehensive turbine experiments.

Energy Losses in Pipe Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 148

The Energy Losses in Pipe Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 148 is designed for studying friction and local losses in pipe flow. It enables measurement of pressure losses for laminar and turbulent conditions. The setup includes multiple pipe fittings and a manometer bank for detailed analysis. It operates with a hydraulic bench or laboratory water supply and is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratories.

Inclined Pitot Tube Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 152

The Inclined Pitot Tube Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 152 is designed for precise velocity and pressure measurement in fluid mechanics laboratories. It uses an inclined manometer for enhanced sensitivity at low pressure differences. The setup supports static and dynamic pressure measurement and velocity profile studies. It is compatible with hydraulic benches and standard laboratory water supplies.

Pitot Tube | FluidoSurge-X 144

The Pitot Tube FluidoSurge-X 144 is designed for velocity and pressure measurement in fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables determination of static and dynamic pressure using a Pitot static tube and manometer. The setup supports velocity profile studies in pipe flow with a transparent acrylic section. It is compatible with hydraulic benches and standard laboratory water supplies.

Free and Forced Vortex Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 140

The Free and Forced Vortex Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 140 is designed for studying vortex motion in fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables generation and measurement of both free and forced vortices using a transparent acrylic vessel. The setup supports surface profile plotting and velocity measurement with interchangeable orifices and a Pitot tube. It is suitable for academic experiments and verification of vortex flow theory.

Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 136

The Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 136 is designed for comparative study of flow measurement techniques. It integrates a Venturi meter, orifice meter, and rotameter in one laboratory setup. The system allows comparison of flow readings and pressure drops for incompressible fluids. It operates with a hydraulic bench or laboratory water supply and is suitable for fluid mechanics teaching laboratories.

Osborne Reynold’s Apparatus with Manometer | FluidoSurge-X 133

The Osborne Reynold’s Apparatus with Manometer FluidoSurge-X 133 is designed for studying flow regimes in fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables visualization of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow using dye injection. The system includes U tube and inverted U tube manometers for pressure measurement. It supports Reynolds number determination through volumetric flow analysis and controlled experimentation.

Osborne Reynold’s Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 132

The Osborne Reynold’s Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 132 is designed to visualize flow regimes in fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables observation of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow using dye injection. The setup supports Reynolds number determination through volumetric flow measurement. It is suitable for engineering education and demonstration of classical flow behavior.

Orifice Discharge Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 128

The Orifice Discharge Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 128 is designed for studying discharge characteristics through orifices. It features a transparent Plexiglass tank with adjustable overflow and interchangeable nozzles. The setup enables measurement of jet velocity, diameter, and flow rate using standard instruments. It is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and experimental analysis.

Bernoulli’s Theorem Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 120

The Bernoulli’s Theorem Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 120 is designed for studying pressure and energy variation in flowing fluids. It uses a transparent Venturi with multiple pressure tapping points and a manometer bank. The setup supports converging and diverging flow experiments and discharge coefficient determination. It is suitable for fluid mechanics laboratory teaching and experimental verification of Bernoulli’s principle.

Impact of Jet Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 124

The Impact of Jet Apparatus FluidoSurge-X 124 is designed for studying jet impact forces in fluid mechanics laboratories. It enables direct measurement of force due to change in momentum of a water jet. The unit includes four interchangeable deflectors with different deflection angles. It operates with a hydraulic bench or standard laboratory water supply for flexible installation.

Orifice Discharge & Free Jet Flow Apparatus | FluidoSurge-X 116

The FluidoSurge-X 116 Orifice Discharge and Free Jet Flow Apparatus is designed for experimental study of jet flow and discharge through orifices. It features a constant head Plexiglas cylinder with interchangeable nozzles. The setup enables measurement of jet velocity, diameter, and trajectory using standard laboratory instruments. It is suitable for fluid mechanics teaching and verification of theoretical flow principles.

Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus | FluidoSurgeX 112

The FluidoSurgeX 112 Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus is designed for studying hydrostatic thrust on submerged plane surfaces. It allows measurement of force and moment for vertical and inclined planes. The setup uses a transparent quadrant tank with lever arm and calibrated weights. It supports accurate comparison between experimental results and theoretical hydrostatic analysis.

Metacentric Height Apparatus | FluidoSurgeX 108

The FluidoSurgeX 108 Metacentric Height Apparatus is designed for studying the stability of floating bodies in fluid mechanics laboratories. It allows determination of metacentric height by varying the center of gravity of a floating pontoon. The setup includes a water tank, adjustable sail weight, plumb bob, and tilt indicator. It is suitable for marine engineering and buoyancy related laboratory experiments.

Flow Over Weirs Apparatus with Weir Tank | FluidoSurgeX 107

The FluidoSurgeX 107 Flow Over Weirs Apparatus with Weir Tank is designed for open channel flow experiments in fluid mechanics laboratories. It allows investigation of discharge characteristics over rectangular and V notch weirs. The system includes a corrosion resistant weir tank, stainless steel weir plates, and an adjustable depth gauge. It can be operated using a hydraulic bench or a standard laboratory water supply for flexible installation.

Flow Over Weirs | FluidoSurgeX 104

The FluidoSurgeX 104 Flow Over Weirs apparatus is designed for open channel flow experiments in fluid mechanics laboratories. It is used with a hydraulic bench to study flow over V notch and rectangular weirs. The unit includes stainless steel weir plates and a level gauge for head measurement. It supports accurate determination of flow rate and discharge characteristics during laboratory experiments.

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Drum Friction Apparatus | FrixoDynamics FX-520

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